{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T19:06:21Z","timestamp":1784315181120,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australas Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To outline overlap and boundaries between ICD-11 definitions of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD) and personality disorder (PD) and propose guiding principles that may assist practitioners in assigning one or both of the two diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The ICD-11 definitions for C-PTSD and PD are substantially comparable in terms of self- and interpersonal problems, and childhood trauma may be at the root of both disorders. The ICD-11 formally recognizes this overlap and allows the assignment of both diagnoses at the same time. The C-PTSD diagnosis essentially differs from a PD diagnosis by requiring a history of trauma and PTSD symptoms. Moreover, C-PTSD typically involves stable and persistent patterns of negative self-perception while emphasizing avoidant interpersonal patterns. In comparison, the PD diagnosis may differ from C-PTSD by allowing an unstable or internally contradictory sense of self, which may involve both overly negative and overly positive self-views. When the diagnostic requirements for both C-PTSD and PD are met, only the C-PTSD diagnosis should be assigned, unless the PD diagnosis may contribute with clinically useful information that is not sufficiently covered by the C-PTSD diagnosis. The outlined similarities and boundaries must be further corroborated by future empirical studies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10398562211014212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T20:56:27Z","timestamp":1621198587000},"page":"590-594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Complex PTSD and personality disorder in ICD-11: when to assign one or two diagnoses?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Simon Ungar","family":"Felding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Line Bang","family":"Mikkelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PTSD Treatment Center, Mental Health Services, Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5744-1769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Bach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Personality Disorder Research (CPDR), Psychiatric Research Unit, Mental Health Services, Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10398562211014212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000346"},{"key":"bibr2-10398562211014212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejtd.2018.08.004"},{"key":"bibr3-10398562211014212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13161"},{"key":"bibr4-10398562211014212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1039856217700284"},{"key":"bibr5-10398562211014212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v5.25097"},{"key":"bibr6-10398562211014212","unstructured":"WHO. ICD-11 Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines for mental and behavioural disorders, gcp.network\/en\/private\/icd-11-guidelines\/disorders (2021)."},{"key":"bibr7-10398562211014212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223038"},{"key":"bibr8-10398562211014212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1908-3"},{"key":"bibr9-10398562211014212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12956"},{"key":"bibr10-10398562211014212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2019.1665617"},{"key":"bibr11-10398562211014212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1510"},{"key":"bibr12-10398562211014212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719000436"}],"container-title":["Australasian Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10398562211014212","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10398562211014212","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10398562211014212","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:50:59Z","timestamp":1777377059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10398562211014212"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10398562211014212"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10398562211014212","relation":{},"ISSN":["1039-8562","1440-1665"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1039-8562","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1665","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]]}}}