{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T03:44:22Z","timestamp":1777434262055,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australas Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This viewpoint paper explores the development of a new online subculture known as involuntary celibates or \u2018incels\u2019. The emergence of this online community will be discussed, with reference to foundations within the wider men\u2019s rights movement. The incel worldview, core beliefs underlying this culture, demographics and how this ideology relates to mental illness, personality construct and offending behaviour will be explored. Illustrative scenarios are provided of clinical situations where psychiatric assessment of incel ideology can provide valuable insights and inform healthcare and risk assessment. Lastly, consideration will be given as to how incel culture and beliefs may impact young Australians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incel movement is a concerning phenomenon of relevance to psychiatrists. We offer some clinical recommendations for those working with young men expressing incel-related beliefs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10398562251351509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:05:48Z","timestamp":1750982748000},"page":"896-901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Involuntary celibacy: A brief history of the \u2018Incel\u2019 movement, and clinical considerations for psychiatrists"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7833-5922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Watson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Health Queensland"},{"name":"University of Queensland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7879-8054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott","family":"Harden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Health Queensland"},{"name":"University of Queensland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3462-2775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma","family":"McKeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Youth Mental Health Stream, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"University of Queensland"},{"name":"West Moreton Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"Burgess M. Director-General's annual threat assessment. https:\/\/www.asio.gov.au\/resources\/speeches-and-statements\/director-generals-annual-threat-assessment-2021 (2021 accessed 11 April 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","unstructured":"Latimore J Coyne J. Incels in Australia: the ideology the threat and a way forward. Report Australian Strategic policy Institute limited Australia 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","unstructured":"Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. Lone actor grievance fuelled violence and the role of the psychiatrist. https:\/\/www.ranzcp.org\/clinical-guidelines-publications\/clinical-guidelines-publications-library\/lone-actor-grievance-fuelled-violence-and-the-role-of-the-psychiatrist (2023 accessed 11 April 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","unstructured":"Taylor J. The woman who founded the \u2018incel\u2019 movement US & Canada. https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-45284455 (2018 accessed 11 April 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","unstructured":"Kassam A. Woman behind 'incel' says angry men hijacked her word 'as a weapon of war. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2018\/apr\/25\/woman-who-invented-incel-movement-interview-toronto-attack (2018 accessed 11 April 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1057610X.2020.1751459"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/18335330.2022.2103386"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","volume-title":"Spitting out the blackpill: Evaluating how incels present themselves in their own words on the Incel Wiki","author":"Roser M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roser M, Chalker C, Squirrel T. Spitting out the blackpill: Evaluating how incels present themselves in their own words on the Incel Wiki. London: Report, Institute for Strategic Dialogue, 2023. https:\/\/www.isdglobal.org\/isd-publications\/spitting-out-the-blackpill-evaluating-how-incels-present-themselves-in-their-own-words-on-the-incel-wiki\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","volume-title":"Signposts - A contextual background for the project countering radicalisation in right-Wing extremist online subcultures","author":"Hammer D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hammer D, Matlach P, Baaken T. Signposts - A contextual background for the project countering radicalisation in right-Wing extremist online subcultures. Berlin: Report, Institute for Strategic Dialogue, 2022. https:\/\/www.isdglobal.org\/isd-publications\/signposts-a-background-report-on-right-wing-extremist-online-subcultures\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","volume-title":"Incels: inside the world of involuntary celibates","author":"Woodward A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Woodward A, Wozniak C, Vargas C, et al. Incels: inside the world of involuntary celibates. New YorkNew York: Report, Manhattan District Attorney\u2019s Office of New York, 2021. https:\/\/archive.nyu.edu\/handle\/2451\/63962."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribeiro M Blackburn J Bradlyn B et al. The evolution of the manosphere across the web. In: Fifteenth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media Virtual June 8-10 2021. Online ICWSM: pp. 196\u2013207. paper no. ICWSM2021. https:\/\/ojs.aaai.org\/index.php\/ICWSM\/issue\/view\/405","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v15i1.18053"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546553.2019.1638256"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bja.2022.15"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546553.2022.2157267"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21810\/jicw.v5i1.4214"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","first-page":"440","article-title":"Involuntary celibates and forensic psychiatry","volume":"50","author":"Tastenhoye CA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tastenhoye CA, Ross NE, Dupr\u00e9 J, et al. Involuntary celibates and forensic psychiatry. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 2022; 50: 440\u2013449.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Psychiatry Law"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/asap.12308"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","unstructured":"Lorenz T. The online incel movement is getting more violent and extreme. Washington Post. https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/technology\/2022\/09\/22\/incels-rape-murder-study\/ (2003 accessed 11 April 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","volume-title":"The incel rebellion : the rise of the manosphere and the virtual war against women","author":"Sugiura L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sugiura L. The incel rebellion : the rise of the manosphere and the virtual war against women. 1st ed. Bingley, UK: Emerald Publishing Limited, 2021.","edition":"1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","volume-title":"In the Blind Spot \u2013 how right-wing extremists use alternative platforms for radicalisation","author":"Hammer D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hammer D, R\u00fcbbert Z, Schwieter C. In the Blind Spot \u2013 how right-wing extremists use alternative platforms for radicalisation. 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