{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:10:35Z","timestamp":1790385035930,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759449600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australas Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine bidirectional relationships between incarceration and mental disorders. We hypothesized that (1) pre-existing mental disorders would be associated with increased incarceration risk, and (2) incarceration would be associated with increased incident mental disorder diagnosis risk in adolescents without prior psychiatric diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study included 1551 adolescents (aged 10\u201317\u00a0years) from four New South Wales (NSW) health surveys linked to justice and health records. Modified Poisson regression examined associations between pre-existing mental disorders and incarceration. Prentice-Williams-Peterson Total-Time models examined associations between time-varying incarceration exposure and incident mental disorder diagnoses among those without prior diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 1551 adolescents (87.7% male; median age 15\u00a0years), pre-existing mental disorders were associated with an increased incarceration risk (adjusted Risk Ratio [RR]: 1.26, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.09\u20131.45), which was more pronounced among those with violent offences. Among 1424 adolescents without prior diagnosis, incarceration was associated with increased incident diagnosis risk (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR]: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09\u20131.37), with stronger associations among adolescents residing in areas of higher socioeconomic disadvantage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings suggest incarceration may be associated with adverse mental health outcomes, with implications for diversionary pathways and custodial mental health care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10398562251383801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T23:49:43Z","timestamp":1759535383000},"page":"55-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Temporal relationships between incarceration and mental disorders among justice-involved adolescents: A population-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0864-7488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emaediong I","family":"Akpanekpo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UNSW Sydney"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azar","family":"Kariminia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNSW Sydney"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preeyaporn","family":"Srasuebkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNSW Sydney"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7685-2977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian N","family":"Trollor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNSW Sydney"},{"name":"UNSW Sydney"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kasinathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNSW Sydney"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2025.102099"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13218719.2023.2192257"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1375"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.5807"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2022.106771"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14999013251324219"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","first-page":"460","article-title":"Mental health service referral and treatment following screening and assessment in juvenile detention","volume":"52","author":"Tedeschi F","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tedeschi F, Horwitz SM, Surko M, et al. Mental health service referral and treatment following screening and assessment in juvenile detention. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 2024; 52: 460\u2013469.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Psychiatry Law"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1039856215597532"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","volume-title":"2003 NSW young people in custody health survey: key findings report","author":"Allerton M","year":"2003","unstructured":"Allerton M, Champion U, Butler T, et al. 2003 NSW young people in custody health survey: key findings report. NSW Department of Juvenile Justice, 2003."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","volume-title":"2009 young people in custody health survey: full report","author":"Indig D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Indig D, Vecchiato C, Haysom L, et al. 2009 young people in custody health survey: full report. 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