{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T14:52:47Z","timestamp":1791039167279,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australas Psychiatry"],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n The Mental Health and Wellbeing Act (MHWA) 2022 was a key recommendation of the Royal Commission into Victoria\u2019s Mental Health System. An objective of the act was to reduce the use of restrictive interventions in public mental health settings.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n This retrospective pre-post analysis examined the frequency of restrictive interventions from hospital admission data on all patients admitted to two adult and one older adult inpatient mental health ward in the 12\u00a0months prior to and following the implementation of the MHWA 2022 on the 1st of September 2023.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n In the year pre and post the MHWA 2022s initial implementation, there was no significant change to the incidence of restraint (mechanical and physical) (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = .98) or the probability of a patient being restrained at any time during their admission (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = .63). There was no significant change to the incidence of seclusion (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = .80) or the probability of a patient being secluded at any time during their admission (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = .54).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n There was no significant difference in the frequency of restraint or seclusion in the studied inpatient units at 1\u00a0year following the initial introduction of the MHWA 2022. Further research should assess more broadly the impact of the MHWA 2022.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10398562261492550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:35:26Z","timestamp":1790764526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A retrospective pre- and post-analysis of the frequency of restrictive interventions in inpatient psychiatric units following the introduction of the Victorian Mental Health and Wellbeing Act 2022"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2188-0498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liam","family":"Hardcastle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred Mental and Addiction Health,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thy","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred Mental and Addiction Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred Mental and Addiction Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Symons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred Mental and Addiction Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Stafrace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred Mental and Addiction Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toby","family":"Winton-Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred Mental and Addiction Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"Restrictive interventions | health.vic.gov.au. https:\/\/www.health.vic.gov.au\/mental-health-and-wellbeing-act-handbook\/treatments-and-interventions\/restrictive-interventions#key-messages (Accessed 8 February 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.13352"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AH15128"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","unstructured":"Royal Commission into Victoria\u2019s Mental. Health system - final report. https:\/\/www.vic.gov.au\/royal-commission-victorias-mental-health-system-final-report (2024) Accessed 8 February 2026."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.13180"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-007-0219-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.765830"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs14010009"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","volume-title":"Seclusion and restraint - mental health","year":"2025","unstructured":"Seclusion and restraint - mental health. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/mental-health\/topic-areas\/safety-quality\/seclusion-and-restraint (2025, Accessed 8 February 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","unstructured":"Department of Health. Victoria A. Office of the chief psychiatrist's annual report 2024\u201325. https:\/\/www.health.vic.gov.au\/publications\/ocp-seclusion-restraint-report-2020-24 Accessed 30 June 2026."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","volume-title":"Interventions for reducing seclusion and restraint in mental health care for adults: a systematic review","author":"Dahm KT","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dahm KT, Steiro AK, Leiknes KA, et al. Interventions for reducing seclusion and restraint in mental health care for adults: a systematic review. Oslo, Norway: Knowledge Centre for the Health Services at The Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH). https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK482109\/ (2017), Accessed 8 February 2026."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Current trends in restrictive interventions in psychiatry: a European perspective","volume":"29","author":"Donovan D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Donovan D, Boland C, Carballedo A. Current trends in restrictive interventions in psychiatry: a European perspective. BJPsych Adv 2022; 29: 1\u20139.","journal-title":"BJPsych Adv"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.10.1198"}],"container-title":["Australasian Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10398562261492550","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10398562261492550","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10398562261492550","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T14:02:06Z","timestamp":1791036126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10398562261492550"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":13,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10398562261492550"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10398562261492550","relation":{},"ISSN":["1039-8562","1440-1665"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1039-8562","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1665","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"article-number":"10398562261492550"}}