{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:46:08Z","timestamp":1792154768771,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022869","name":"RANZCP Beverley Raphael New Investigator Grant","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022869","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australas Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate views of consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP) clinicians and medical referrers regarding optimal referral processes, referral form content, responses to unsatisfactory referrals, and referral appropriateness for inpatient CLP services in Australian hospitals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional mixed-methods survey was distributed to CLP clinicians (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 121) working across Australia and medical referrers (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 73) recruited from two hospitals in Victoria and Tasmania. Ratings of referral processes and referral form content were compared between groups. Free-text responses on referral appropriateness were thematically analysed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both groups preferred digital referral systems supplemented by telephone calls, and referral forms combining free-text fields with checkboxes. Cross-group consensus emerged on the five most important referral form fields: patient identification, reason for referral, referrer details, Mental Health Act status, and urgency. CLP clinicians rated 14 of 25 referral form headings as significantly more important than medical referrers. Thematic analysis of referral appropriateness yielded five interpretive themes. A dominant view framed referral appropriateness as a quality threshold, while a minority argued that any genuine clinical uncertainty warrants CLP review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings provide an empirical foundation for optimal referral systems in CLP. Referral system design should combine hybrid electronic forms with targeted education, low-threshold discussion pathways and co-design with referrers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10398562261493848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:21:16Z","timestamp":1791951676000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How should referrals to consultation-liaison psychiatry be made? A multisite study of consultation-liaison psychiatry clinicians and medical referrers"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8051-1959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murray G.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Barwon Health"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kabir","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barwon Health"},{"name":"School of Science, Engineering and Digital Technologies, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Moylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barwon Health"},{"name":"Deakin University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barwon Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2014.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194029"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2021.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","first-page":"e237","article-title":"Tools to improve referrals from primary care to specialty care","volume":"25","author":"Vimalananda VG","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vimalananda VG, Meterko M, Waring ME, et al. Tools to improve referrals from primary care to specialty care. The American Journal of Managed Care 2019; 25: e237\u2013e242.","journal-title":"The American Journal of Managed Care"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/15002"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmn025"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2020.1748232"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1062860615587741"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1100-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","first-page":"56","article-title":"Patterns of psychiatric referrals in tertiary care hospital: an overview of consultation liaison psychiatry","volume":"7","author":"Desai ND","year":"2016","unstructured":"Desai ND, Shah SN, Shah SH, et al. Patterns of psychiatric referrals in tertiary care hospital: an overview of consultation liaison psychiatry. National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine 2016; 7: 56\u201360.","journal-title":"National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2022.483"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","first-page":"e34801","article-title":"An audit of inpatient consultation-liaison psychiatry services at an inner New York City safety net hospital","volume":"15","author":"Nagi T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nagi T, Somvanshi S, Balasubramania Pandian GS, et al. An audit of inpatient consultation-liaison psychiatry services at an inner New York City safety net hospital. 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Arabian Journal of Psychiatry 2001; 12: 53\u201365.","journal-title":"Arabian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1039856221992937"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2016.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10398562261424837"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/capr.12360"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10398562251408223"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12577"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/09526869710166969"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-196705000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzy057"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","first-page":"607","article-title":"Re-audit of the contents of GP referral letters to general adult community psychiatrists","volume":"29","author":"Odelola C","year":"2017","unstructured":"Odelola C, Jabbar F. 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