{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:17:03Z","timestamp":1788542223065,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]],"date-time":"2002-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1030838400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A commercial bullfrog ( Rana castesbeiana) operation in south Georgia had multiple epizootics of systemic bacterial infections over a 3-year period, 1998\u20132000. A number of potential pathogens ( Aeromonas hydrophila, Chryseobacterium ( Flavobacterium) meningosepticum, Chryseobacterium ( Flavobacterium) indolgenes, Edwardsiella tarda, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas spp., and ( Streptococcus iniae) were isolated from various tissues. Clinically, frogs demonstrated acute onset of torticolis, stupor, and indifference to stimuli. Cutaneous hyperemia, subcutaneous and muscular hemorrhage, and peripheral edema were consistent gross findings. Histologically, clusters of lymphocytes, monocytes, and occasional acidophiles with scattered granulomas occurred in liver, kidney, and spleen. This is the first report of S. inae and C. meningosepticum as potential disease agents in R. castesbeiana. These findings suggest that a variety of bacteria may be associated with redleg and that culture results must be obtained for accurate diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870201400515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,12]],"date-time":"2011-05-12T16:20:37Z","timestamp":1305217237000},"page":"431-433","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Cultured Bullfrogs (\n                    <i>Rana Castesbeiana<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Mauel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, PO Box 1389, Tifton, GA 31793."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra L.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, PO Box 1389, Tifton, GA 31793."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendall S.","family":"Frazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, PO Box 1389, Tifton, GA 31793."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"Murray E.","family":"Hines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, PO Box 1389, Tifton, GA 31793."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-104063870201400515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao036177"},{"key":"bibr2-104063870201400515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao036121"},{"key":"bibr3-104063870201400515","first-page":"142","volume":"16","author":"Gibbs EL","year":"1966","journal-title":"Lab Anim Care"},{"key":"bibr4-104063870201400515","first-page":"1241","volume":"35","author":"Glorioso JC","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"bibr5-104063870201400515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1999.214.12.1833","volume":"214","author":"Green SL","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr6-104063870201400515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-4-3-434"},{"key":"bibr7-104063870201400515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1992.201.11.1766","volume":"201","author":"Olson ME","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr8-104063870201400515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-26-4-545"},{"key":"bibr9-104063870201400515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.174"},{"key":"bibr10-104063870201400515","first-page":"105","volume":"43","author":"Taylor FR","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"bibr11-104063870201400515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199708283370902"},{"key":"bibr12-104063870201400515","first-page":"448","volume-title":"Reptile medicine and surgery","author":"Wright KM","year":"1996"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/104063870201400515","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/104063870201400515","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:07:58Z","timestamp":1777680478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/104063870201400515"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/104063870201400515"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/104063870201400515","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-6387","1943-4936"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-6387","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-4936","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]}}}