{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:30:39Z","timestamp":1790267439255,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]],"date-time":"2004-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1088640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Twenty-one American crows were identified as being West Nile virus (WNV) infected by WNV-specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) performed on fresh brain tissue (cerebrum and cerebellum of 16 crows) or by WNV-specific immunohistochemistry of various organs (21 crows). Consistent gross lesions attributable to WNV infection were not detected. Common histological lesions included necrosis of spleen and bone marrow. West Nile virus antigen was consistently detected in heart and kidney (100%). In addition, bone marrow (92%), duodenum (89%), proventriculus (87%), liver (86%), lung (85%), spleen (80%), pancreas (61%), and brain (45%) contained WNV antigen-positive cells. Infected cells included cardiomyocytes; neurons; endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells; hematopoietic cells of bone marrow; and macrophages of spleen, liver (Kupffer cells), and lungs. Epithelial cells of renal tubules, duodenum, pancreas, and proventriculus were also infected. The diagnostic histopathologist should consider WNV infection in crows in the absence of any inflammatory lesions. Immunohistochemistry of heart and kidney is as reliable in detecting WNV infection in American crows as RT-PCR of fresh brain tissue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870401600413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,12]],"date-time":"2011-05-12T16:26:52Z","timestamp":1305217612000},"page":"329-333","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Pathological and Immunohistochemical Findings in American Crows (\n                    <i>Corvus Brachyrhynchos<\/i>\n                    ) Naturally Infected with West Nile Virus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"W\u00fcnschmann","family":"Arno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Shivers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health, Public Health Laboratory, 717 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, MN 55440"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Bender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Population Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1354 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-104063870401600413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5448.2331"},{"key":"bibr2-104063870401600413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.24.13097-13100.2002"},{"key":"bibr3-104063870401600413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00368-7"},{"key":"bibr4-104063870401600413","first-page":"1129","volume":"51","author":"Centers for Disease Control (CDC)","year":"2002","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr5-104063870401600413","first-page":"630","volume":"39","author":"Ellis A","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"bibr6-104063870401600413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0903.020628"},{"key":"bibr7-104063870401600413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.11.4066-4071.2000"},{"key":"bibr8-104063870401600413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0704.017430"},{"key":"bibr9-104063870401600413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.37-3-208"},{"key":"bibr10-104063870401600413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02442.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/104063870401600413","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/104063870401600413","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:09:33Z","timestamp":1777680573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/104063870401600413"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/104063870401600413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/104063870401600413","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-6387","1943-4936"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-6387","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-4936","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}}}