{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:32:37Z","timestamp":1777930357409,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay which detects a sex-based polymorphism in the bovine amelogenin locus was modified and compared to conventional cytogenetic analysis for diagnosis of freemartinism (XX\/XY chimerism) in cattle. The PCR assay is more sensitive than cytogenetic analysis for detection of XY cells, with the limit of detection of the assay falling between 0.2% and 1% XY cells. Seventy-three heifer blood samples submitted for evaluation of freemartinism to the University of Minnesota Diagnostic Laboratory were tested using both cytogenetic and PCR techniques. Poor-quality samples precluded successful lymphocyte culture and recovery of mitotic nuclei for cytogenetic evaluation in 17 cases (23%). Two of these samples (2.7%) also failed to amplify with PCR. There was 100% agreement in the results from the 56 samples that were suitable for testing using both techniques. This PCR-based assay provides an alternative to the more laborious cytogenetic evaluation for diagnosis of freemartinism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870601800508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,12]],"date-time":"2011-05-12T16:26:52Z","timestamp":1305217612000},"page":"469-472","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparison of Cytogenetics and Polymerase Chain Reaction Based Detection of the Amelogenin Gene Polymorphism for the Diagnosis of Freemartinism in Cattle"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"McNiel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole J.","family":"Madrill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy E.","family":"Treeful","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lance C.","family":"Buoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alvin F.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-104063870601800508","first-page":"455","volume":"29","author":"Buoen LC","year":"1998","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"bibr2-104063870601800508","first-page":"297","volume":"71","author":"Dunn HO","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cornell Vet"},{"key":"bibr3-104063870601800508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2052.1994.tb00533.x"},{"key":"bibr4-104063870601800508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rvsc.1998.0286"},{"key":"bibr5-104063870601800508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(95)00039-B"},{"key":"bibr6-104063870601800508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10495399309525796"},{"key":"bibr7-104063870601800508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2052.1993.tb00319.x"},{"key":"bibr8-104063870601800508","first-page":"458","volume-title":"The genetics of cattle","author":"Ruvinsky A","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr9-104063870601800508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2052.1992.tb00177.x"},{"key":"bibr10-104063870601800508","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.216.65"},{"key":"bibr11-104063870601800508","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1994.204.10.1672","volume":"204","author":"Zhang T","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/104063870601800508","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/104063870601800508","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:11:15Z","timestamp":1777680675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/104063870601800508"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/104063870601800508"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/104063870601800508","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-6387","1943-4936"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-6387","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-4936","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}}}