{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T17:42:43Z","timestamp":1779298963731,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,21]],"date-time":"2013-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371772800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A retrospective study of brain lesions in goats was conducted to identify the range of lesions and diseases recognized and to make recommendations regarding the best tissues to examine and tests to conduct in order to maximize the likelihood of making a definitive diagnosis in goats that may have had clinical signs referable to the brain. One hundred thirty-nine goats with a brain lesion were identified. The most common lesion, in 52.5% of the goats, was suppurative inflammation. Approximately two-thirds of these goats had encephalitic listeriosis. Other goats were found to have suppurative inflammation in association with septicemia, pituitary abscesses, dehorning injury, and otitis. Thirty goats (21.6%) were diagnosed with polioencephalomalacia. Twenty-one goats (15.1%) were diagnosed with nonsuppurative inflammation. In more than half of these goats, no definitive diagnosis was made, while 8 were infected with Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus and 1 with Rabies virus. However, few goats were tested for rabies. Based on these findings, it is recommended that, in addition to appropriate handling of the brain, the head should be examined with attention paid to the sella turcica and the temporal bones for evidence of a pituitary abscess and otitis, respectively. Histologic examination should include multiple areas of the brain, including the brainstem, for lesions of encephalic listeriosis; the cerebral cortex, for lesions of polioencephalomalacia; and the hippocampus, for Negri bodies associated with Rabies virus infection. Consideration should be given to collecting samples of other tissues including, but not limited to, the spinal cord and liver for ancillary testing if warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638713493627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,22]],"date-time":"2013-06-22T00:05:26Z","timestamp":1371859526000},"page":"482-489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A retrospective study of brain lesions in goats submitted to three veterinary diagnostic laboratories"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Andrew L.","family":"Allen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Pathology and Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc., Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (Allen)"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN (Goupil)"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (Valentine)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brad A.","family":"Goupil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Pathology and Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc., Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (Allen)"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN (Goupil)"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (Valentine)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beth A.","family":"Valentine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Pathology and Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc., Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (Allen)"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN (Goupil)"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (Valentine)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1040638713493627","first-page":"639","volume":"53","author":"Allen AL","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"bibr2-1040638713493627","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.150.2.38"},{"key":"bibr3-1040638713493627","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2004.02.001"},{"key":"bibr4-1040638713493627","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2004.02.003"},{"key":"bibr5-1040638713493627","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879500700210"},{"key":"bibr6-1040638713493627","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1996.208.10.1695","volume":"208","author":"Johnson GC","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr7-1040638713493627","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-005-2316-5"},{"key":"bibr8-1040638713493627","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-0233(97)80005-6"},{"key":"bibr9-1040638713493627","first-page":"281","volume-title":"Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer\u2019s pathology of domestic animals","volume":"1","author":"Maxie MG","year":"2007","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr10-1040638713493627","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-2353-3.10006-X"},{"key":"bibr11-1040638713493627","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2004.02.007"},{"key":"bibr12-1040638713493627","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2004.02.009"},{"key":"bibr13-1040638713493627","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.01.015"},{"key":"bibr14-1040638713493627","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2009.00292.x"},{"key":"bibr15-1040638713493627","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-2353-3.10013-7"},{"key":"bibr16-1040638713493627","first-page":"S311","volume":"8","author":"Perdrizet JA","year":"1986","journal-title":"Comp Cont Ed Pract Vet"},{"key":"bibr17-1040638713493627","unstructured":"Puls R, ed. 1994, Mineral levels in animal health: diagnostic data, 2nd ed., p. 76. 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