{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:36:36Z","timestamp":1777930596908,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,23]],"date-time":"2014-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Blood smears from a 24-year-old male rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta) used for cognitive function studies were evaluated. The macaque had an 8-month history of gradual weight loss and increasing lymphocytosis. Most of the lymphocytes present were small to medium and had a mature morphology. Based on the degree and duration of the lymphocytosis, and the appearance of the lymphocytes, a diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia was made. The animal tested negative for 4 viral diseases that are commonly associated with lymphoproliferative disorders in Old World monkeys. Over the course of 12 months, the lymphocytosis progressed from 18.4 to 384 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    lymphocytes\/\u00b5l (reference range: 0.8\u201317 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells\/\u00b5l), and euthanasia was elected. On histologic examination, cluster of differentiation (CD)3- and CD8-positive, CD79-negative neoplastic cells comprised 40\u201360% of the bone marrow, diffusely obscured the normal splenic architecture, and were present in the vascular channels in other organs. Findings were characteristic of T-cell lymphocytic leukemia. Naturally occurring T-cell lymphocytic leukemia has been rarely reported in rhesus macaques and, to the authors\u2019 knowledge, never in males. A persistent lymphocytosis characterized by a monomorphic population of CD3- and CD8-positive cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and the presence of neoplastic cells in the bone marrow led to a diagnosis in the current case.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638714532339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,23]],"date-time":"2014-04-23T23:45:10Z","timestamp":1398296710000},"page":"571-574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Spontaneous chronic T-cell leukemia in a male rhesus macaque (\n                    <i>Macaca mulatta<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Paola","family":"Cazzini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology (Cazzini, Krimer, Butler, Blas-Machado), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"},{"name":"Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Krimer, Blas-Machado), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"},{"name":"Laboratory Animal Services, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (Williams-Fritze)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula M.","family":"Krimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology (Cazzini, Krimer, Butler, Blas-Machado), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"},{"name":"Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Krimer, Blas-Machado), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"},{"name":"Laboratory Animal Services, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (Williams-Fritze)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Misty J.","family":"Williams-Fritze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology (Cazzini, Krimer, Butler, Blas-Machado), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"},{"name":"Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Krimer, Blas-Machado), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"},{"name":"Laboratory Animal Services, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (Williams-Fritze)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abigail M.","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology (Cazzini, Krimer, Butler, Blas-Machado), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"},{"name":"Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Krimer, Blas-Machado), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"},{"name":"Laboratory Animal Services, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (Williams-Fritze)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uriel","family":"Blas-Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology (Cazzini, Krimer, Butler, Blas-Machado), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"},{"name":"Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Krimer, Blas-Machado), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"},{"name":"Laboratory Animal Services, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA (Williams-Fritze)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1040638714532339","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10428190009058522"},{"key":"bibr2-1040638714532339","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1139247"},{"key":"bibr3-1040638714532339","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.217.384"},{"key":"bibr4-1040638714532339","first-page":"455","volume-title":"Schalm\u2019s veterinary hematology","author":"Helfand SC","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr5-1040638714532339","first-page":"183","volume-title":"Robbins and Cotran\u2019s pathologic basis of disease","author":"Kumar 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