{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:38:36Z","timestamp":1777930716811,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]],"date-time":"2018-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal disease caused by either Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii. Anecdotal evidence suggests that camelids are particularly susceptible to this disease and that a relatively large percentage of pneumonias in these animals are caused by Coccidioides spp. In a search of 21 y (1992\u20132013) of records from the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, we found 79 cases of coccidioidomycosis diagnosed in camelids; 66 (84%) had pneumonia and 13 (16%) had lesions only in organs other than the lungs. The organs most frequently affected were lung (84%) and liver (78%). Coccidioides spp. were the cause of pneumonia in 66 of 362 (18%) camelid cases during the study period. The lesions in affected organs were multifocal-to-coalescing pyogranulomas, which in most cases were visible grossly. Ten of the 12 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung samples tested by a universal Coccidioides spp. PCR assay were positive (4 C. immitis, 2 C. posadasii); the species could not be determined in 4 of the 10 cases positive by PCR. Coccidioidomycosis is an important cause of pneumonia in camelids in California, and can be caused by either C. immitis or C. posadasii.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638718777282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]],"date-time":"2018-05-23T08:20:41Z","timestamp":1527063641000},"page":"560-564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pathology of coccidioidomycosis in llamas and alpacas"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Julian A.","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic and Agricultural Studies Department, Veterinary School, National University of Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Argentina (Fernandez)"},{"name":"Pathology Department, Veterinary School, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Hidalgo)"},{"name":"Real-time PCR Research and Diagnostics Core Facility (Hodzic), School of Veterinary Medicine, 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