{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:38:37Z","timestamp":1777930717712,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,2]],"date-time":"2018-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527897600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Gastrinoma, an infrequent diagnosis in middle-aged dogs, occurs with nonspecific gastrointestinal morbidity. Laboratory tests can yield a presumptive diagnosis, but definitive diagnosis depends on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. We describe a malignant pancreatic gastrinoma with lymph node metastases and corresponding Zollinger\u2013Ellison syndrome in a Mexican gray wolf ( Canis lupus baileyi) and review this endocrine neoplasm in domestic dogs. A 12-y-old, captive, male Mexican gray wolf developed inappetence and weight loss. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a thickened duodenum and peritoneal effusion. Two duodenal perforations were noted on exploratory celiotomy and were repaired. Persisting clinical signs led to a second celiotomy that revealed a mesenteric mass, which was diagnosed histologically as a neuroendocrine carcinoma. During the following 16 mo, the wolf received a combination of H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -receptor antagonists, proton-pump inhibitors, gastroprotectants, and anti-emetics, but had recurrent episodes of anorexia, nausea, acid reflux, and remained underweight. Worsening clinical signs and weakness prompted euthanasia. The antemortem serum gastrin concentration of 414 ng\/L (reference interval: 10\u201340 ng\/L) corroborated hypergastrinemia. Autopsy revealed a mass expanding the right pancreatic limb; 3 parapancreatic mesenteric masses; duodenal ulcers; focal duodenal perforation with septic fibrinosuppurative peritonitis; chronic-active ulcerative esophagitis; and poor body condition. The pancreatic mass was diagnosed histologically as a neuroendocrine carcinoma and the parapancreatic masses as lymph node metastases. Immunohistochemistry of the pancreatic mass was positive for gastrin and negative for glucagon, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, serotonin, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638718779638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,2]],"date-time":"2018-06-02T03:30:02Z","timestamp":1527910202000},"page":"584-588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Gastrinoma and Zollinger\u2013Ellison syndrome in canids: a literature review and a case in a Mexican gray wolf"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Jason D.","family":"Struthers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Institute, Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ (Struthers, Wong)"},{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT (Robl)"},{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI (Kiupel)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Robl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Institute, Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ (Struthers, Wong)"},{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT (Robl)"},{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI (Kiupel)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie M.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Institute, Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ (Struthers, Wong)"},{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT (Robl)"},{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI (Kiupel)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matti","family":"Kiupel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Institute, Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ (Struthers, Wong)"},{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT (Robl)"},{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI (Kiupel)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1040638718779638","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1997.tb03466.x"},{"key":"bibr2-1040638718779638","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1997.tb00485.x"},{"key":"bibr3-1040638718779638","unstructured":"Bruyette D. Gastrin-secreting islet cell tumors. In: Merck Veterinary Manual [Internet]. Kenilworth, NJ: Merck Sharp & Dohme, 2016. [cited 2017 Mar 7]. http:\/\/www.merckvetmanual.com\/endocrine-system\/the-pancreas\/gastrin-secreting-islet-cell-tumors"},{"key":"bibr4-1040638718779638","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2010.00243.x"},{"key":"bibr5-1040638718779638","unstructured":"US Fish and Wildlife Service. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Status for the Mexican Wolf. Department of the Interior. Federal Register 2015;80(11):2488-2512. Docket no. FWS-HQ-ES-2013-0073. https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2015\/01\/16\/2015-00441\/endangered-and-threatened-wildlife-and-plants-endangered-status-for-the-mexican-wolf."},{"key":"bibr6-1040638718779638","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.66.993"},{"key":"bibr7-1040638718779638","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.66.311"},{"key":"bibr8-1040638718779638","first-page":"641","volume":"52","author":"Gal A","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"bibr9-1040638718779638","first-page":"100","volume-title":"Blackwell\u2019s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Canine & Feline","author":"Graves T","year":"2007","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr10-1040638718779638","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-33-6-524"},{"key":"bibr11-1040638718779638","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879700900122"},{"key":"bibr12-1040638718779638","first-page":"221","volume-title":"Textbook of Veterinary Physiology","author":"Herdt T","year":"2002","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr13-1040638718779638","first-page":"313","volume":"30","author":"Hoenerhoff M","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"key":"bibr14-1040638718779638","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2006.36705"},{"key":"bibr15-1040638718779638","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(01)50014-5"},{"key":"bibr16-1040638718779638","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12408"},{"key":"bibr17-1040638718779638","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.09-VP-0019-K-FL"},{"key":"bibr18-1040638718779638","first-page":"448","volume":"29","author":"Shaw DH.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"bibr19-1040638718779638","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(77)80131-5"},{"key":"bibr20-1040638718779638","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2004.04.013"},{"key":"bibr21-1040638718779638","first-page":"1857","volume-title":"Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine","author":"Ward CR","year":"2010","edition":"7"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1040638718779638","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1040638718779638","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1040638718779638","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:21:44Z","timestamp":1777681304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1040638718779638"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,2]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1040638718779638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1040638718779638","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-6387","1943-4936"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-6387","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-4936","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,2]]}}}