{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T18:54:18Z","timestamp":1793213658608,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012417","name":"college of veterinary medicine and biomedical sciences, colorado state university","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Young Investigator Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Young Investigator Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the United States, ~1.4\u2009million sporadic human Salmonella enterica infections occur annually, with an estimated 6% attributable to reptile exposure. Detection of Salmonella in reptiles can be challenging given the limitations among detection methods. We evaluated sampling and detection methods for S. enterica in a cross-sectional study of reptilian patients ( n\u2009=\u200945) over the course of 13 mo. Two sampling methods (cloacal swabs, electrostatic cloth body-feet samples) and 3 detection methods (enriched culture, lateral flow immunoassay [LFI], real-time PCR) were compared using McNemar and Fisher exact tests. Results varied by species, sample type, and detection method. In total, 14 of 45 (33%) patients were positive by culture, 10 of 45 (22%), and\/or 13 of 45 (29%) by rtPCR. Among rtPCR-positive results, cloacal swabs (12 of 45 [27%]) resulted in a higher detection than body-feet wipes (4 of 45 [9%]; p\u2009=\u20090.01). Among culture-positive results, shedding was most commonly detected after additional incubation at room temperature when testing cloacal swabs (9 of 45 [20%]). However, there was significant disagreement between sampling methods (cloacal vs. body-feet; p\u2009=\u20090.03). No samples were positive by LFI. In general, cloacal swabs yielded the highest test-positive rates, irrespective of testing method. Our study highlights the importance of using detection methods optimized for the sample being tested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638719886542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T04:33:46Z","timestamp":1574051626000},"page":"118-123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparison of detection methods for\n                    <i>Salmonella enterica<\/i>\n                    shedding among reptilian patients at a veterinary teaching hospital"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Anna C.","family":"Fagre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Fagre, Pabilonia, Johnston, Morley, Burgess)"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Morley)"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Burgess)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7741-8497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristy L.","family":"Pabilonia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Fagre, Pabilonia, Johnston, Morley, Burgess)"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Morley)"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Burgess)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Fagre, Pabilonia, Johnston, Morley, Burgess)"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Morley)"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Burgess)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Morley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Fagre, Pabilonia, Johnston, Morley, Burgess)"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Morley)"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Burgess)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8580-3395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandy A.","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (Fagre, Pabilonia, Johnston, Morley, Burgess)"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Morley)"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Burgess)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1040638719886542","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoac\/94.4.1106"},{"key":"bibr2-1040638719886542","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2006.02977.x"},{"key":"bibr3-1040638719886542","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoac\/82.3.625"},{"key":"bibr4-1040638719886542","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2001.tb01270.x"},{"key":"bibr5-1040638719886542","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.225.1344"},{"key":"bibr6-1040638719886542","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12234"},{"key":"bibr7-1040638719886542","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12440"},{"key":"bibr8-1040638719886542","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). 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