{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:39:37Z","timestamp":1777930777374,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592524800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19fk0108097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19fk0108097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A 61-d-old fennec fox ( Vulpes zerda), 11\u2009d after receiving a multivalent, modified-live virus vaccine containing canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus 2 (CAdV-2), parainfluenza virus, parvovirus, and canine coronavirus, developed oculonasal discharge, and subsequently convulsions, and hemoptysis, and died. Microscopic changes in the cerebrum were evident, including neuronal degeneration and necrosis; intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies were observed in astrocytes. CDV was detected in the brain tissue by immunohistochemistry. Pulmonary lesions of multifocal necrotizing bronchopneumonia had Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions in the bronchial epithelial cells. Electron microscopy revealed crystalline arrays of adenovirus-like particles within the intranuclear inclusions. Additionally, the hemagglutinin gene of CDV and the CAdV-2 DNA polymerase gene were detected in the fennec fox; sequence analysis showed 100% identity with those of the vaccine strain viruses. To our knowledge, vaccine-induced CDV and CAdV-2 coinfections using molecular analysis have not been reported previously. Therefore, vaccine strains should be considered prior to CDV vaccination in nondomestic carnivores.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638720934809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]],"date-time":"2020-06-20T02:33:34Z","timestamp":1592620414000},"page":"598-603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Molecular evidence for vaccine-induced canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus 2 coinfection in a fennec fox"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9804-5295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenichi","family":"Tamukai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Den-en-chofu Animal Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shohei","family":"Minami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary 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