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In thymomas, neoplastic thymic epithelial cells induce overproduction and release of polyclonal lymphocytes, whereas thymic lymphoma results in thymic effacement by a clonal expansion of neoplastic lymphocytes and subsequent leukemic phase of lymphoma. Flow cytometry has been used to differentiate these 2 entities by immunophenotyping mediastinal mass aspirates. It has been reported that cases with mediastinal masses in which \u2265 10% of the associated small-cell lymphocytes were double positive for CD4 and CD8 were thymomas, whereas masses associated with &lt; 10% were suggestive of lymphoma. We report a unique case of thymoma-associated lymphocytosis lacking the classic CD4+CD8+ immunophenotype. Our findings suggest that there may be more diversity in the thymoma-associated lymphocyte immunophenotype than has been identified previously; immunophenotyping alone might not be sufficient to differentiate thymic small-cell lymphoma from thymoma-associated lymphocytosis. In dogs with mediastinal masses and peripheral lymphocytosis, employing a variety of testing modalities to avoid misdiagnosis is prudent. These modalities include cytologic and\/or histologic evaluation, immunophenotyping, and clonality assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638720948628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T02:15:45Z","timestamp":1597889745000},"page":"918-922","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["CD4 and CD8 double-negative immunophenotype of thymoma-associated lymphocytes in a dog"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yvonne M.","family":"Wikander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology, Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaori","family":"Knights","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology, Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Calli","family":"Coffee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Health Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Vernau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS; Department of Pathology, Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of California\u2013Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Biller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Health Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Lynn","family":"Higginbotham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Health Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4543-7313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nora L.","family":"Springer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology, Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2006.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2004.tb00374.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"205511691773018","article-title":"Marked paraneoplastic basophilia accompanying eosinophilia in a cat with alimentary T-cell lymphoma","volume":"3","author":"Balan M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Balan M, et al. 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