{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:39:43Z","timestamp":1777930783330,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598572800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008494","name":"Vontobel-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swiss Federal Office of the Environment","award":["R212-1468 and R414-1866"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R212-1468 and R414-1866"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Amphibians have been disappearing at an unprecedented rate worldwide. Among the proposed contributing factors are infectious diseases. Investigations have focused mainly on ranavirus and chytrids; however, additional agents may be relevant stressors. Two novel batrachoviruses have been discovered (ranid herpesvirus 3 [RaHV-3] and bufonid herpesvirus 1 [BfHV-1]). Their clinical role is still to be clarified; however, both have been associated with obvious skin lesions in their respective hosts. Herein we present 2 consensus PCR protocols that can be used to detect all of the known and, possibly, yet to be discovered batrachoviruses. We targeted a 200\u2009nt long, highly conserved region of the DNA terminase gene. We established a sensitive protocol, which can detect both European batrachoviruses (European batrachovirus PCR protocol; RaHV-3 and BfHV-1) and a panbatrachovirus PCR protocol detecting all known batrachoviruses, including ranid herpesvirus 1 and 2 (RaHV-1, -2). The limit of detection (LOD) for the European batrachovirus protocol was 10\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    copies of RaHV-3 and 10\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    copies of BfHV-1 per reaction. The panbatrachovirus protocol could detect all known batrachoviruses with LODs of 10\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    (RaHV-3, BfHV-1, RaHV-1) to 10\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    copies (RaHV-2) per reaction. These novel detection tools can be used as a first line of detection when herpesviral infection in amphibians is suspected, followed by additional PCRs with herpesvirus-specific primers in the case of known viral species, or sequencing as in the case of novel batrachoviruses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638720951134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T07:24:39Z","timestamp":1598599479000},"page":"864-872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Consensus PCR protocols for the detection of amphibian herpesviruses (\n                    <i>Batrachovirus<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Matthias","family":"Licheri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2874-6563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco C.","family":"Origgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1040638720951134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82291-0"},{"key":"bibr2-1040638720951134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-008-0278-4"},{"key":"bibr3-1040638720951134","first-page":"367","volume-title":"The Herpesviruses","volume":"1","author":"Granoff A"},{"key":"bibr4-1040638720951134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156478"},{"key":"bibr5-1040638720951134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-3-28"},{"key":"bibr6-1040638720951134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/ajc.1934.352"},{"key":"bibr7-1040638720951134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.68.4.457"},{"key":"bibr8-1040638720951134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(199711)173:2<115::AID-JCP4>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"bibr9-1040638720951134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985817705176"},{"key":"bibr10-1040638720951134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32841-0"},{"key":"bibr11-1040638720951134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.01.010"},{"key":"bibr12-1040638720951134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1965.tb14266.x"},{"key":"bibr13-1040638720951134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.8.2069-2076.1995"},{"key":"bibr14-1040638720951134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870902100613"},{"key":"bibr15-1040638720951134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-013-9660-x"},{"key":"bibr16-1040638720951134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.7.1666-1671.1996"},{"key":"bibr17-1040638720951134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.23.13366-13369.2004"},{"key":"bibr18-1040638720951134","first-page":"172","volume":"8","author":"Zhou C","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biotechniques"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1040638720951134","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1040638720951134","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1040638720951134","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:23:47Z","timestamp":1777681427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1040638720951134"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1040638720951134"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1040638720951134","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-6387","1943-4936"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-6387","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-4936","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]}}}