{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T01:25:26Z","timestamp":1789608326207,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.sagepub.com\/licence-information-for-chorus"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007917","name":"Agricultural Research Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2080 32630 014 00D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2080 32630 014 00D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Salvia reflexa (lance-leaf sage)-contaminated alfalfa hay was fed to ~500 mixed-breed beef cattle. Within hours of exposure, nearly half of the cattle developed lethargy, anorexia, depression, and recumbency, followed by bellowing, colic, and death. Even though the uneaten contaminated hay was removed the first day, nearly 100 animals died within the first 48 h. Three of these cattle were examined postmortem, and tissues and hay samples were collected for microscopic and chemical analysis. Several days later, a smaller number of the clinically poisoned cattle developed neurologic disease with aberrant behavior, aggression, icterus, blindness, exhaustion, and death. A total of 165 cattle were fatally poisoned. Poisoned cattle had swollen, dark, mottled livers that had a prominent nutmeg-like lobular pattern on cut section. Histologically, there was severe centrilobular-to-panlobular hepatic necrosis with marked hepatocellular swelling, degeneration, and necrosis. The surviving cattle developed liver disease characterized by altered serum biochemical analyses and microscopic hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis. In subsequent biopsies and analysis, these lesions resolved within 6\u20137 mo. After confirming toxicity of the hay in cattle, goats, and mice, followed by a mouse bioassay\u2013guided chemical fractionation process, Salvia reflexa was identified as the contaminant in the hay responsible for the hepatotoxicity. S. reflexa has not been reported previously to cause fatal hepatotoxicity in livestock in North America, to our knowledge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638721995784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T07:19:32Z","timestamp":1615360772000},"page":"538-547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Clinical, pathologic, and toxicologic characterization of\n                    <i>Salvia reflexa<\/i>\n                    (lance-leaf sage) poisoning in cattle fed contaminated hay"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5934-7082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kip E.","family":"Panter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2013Agricultural Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, North, Logan, UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan L.","family":"Stegelmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2013Agricultural Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, North, Logan, UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale R.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2013Agricultural Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, North, Logan, UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clinton A.","family":"Stonecipher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2013Agricultural Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, North, Logan, UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen T.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2013Agricultural Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, North, Logan, UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Don","family":"Kitchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Slope branch, Grand Junction, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeline","family":"Brackett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brackett Veterinary Services, Kremling, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlie","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1040638721995784","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burrows GE, Tyrl RJ. 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