{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:16:27Z","timestamp":1790702187054,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pneumonia is a significant disease of horses. Although pneumonia has traditionally been studied in racehorses, little information is available for non-racing horses. Non-racing horses that died with pulmonary lesions ( n\u2009=\u2009156) were available from cases submitted for autopsy from January 2015 to June 2020. Bronchopneumonia (35%), interstitial pneumonia (29%), embolic pneumonia (21%), granulomatous pneumonia (13%), and pleuritis (2%) were observed in the examined horses. Seventy-four horses died or were euthanized because of pulmonary diseases, and 82 horses died or were euthanized because of non-pulmonary causes but had lung lesions. Of the horses that died from pulmonary causes, the most common finding was bronchopneumonia, with abscesses and\/or necrosis in the cranioventral aspect of the lung. Bacteria isolated from cases of bronchopneumonia were Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (48.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.1%), and Actinobacillus equuli subsp. haemolyticus (9.1%). The most common extrapulmonary lesions responsible for death in horses that also had lesions in the lung were mainly in the gastrointestinal system (30%), multiple systems (septicemia and\/or toxemia; 27%), and musculoskeletal system (12%). The main postmortem findings in cases of bronchopneumonia of non-racing horses were similar to those reported previously in racehorses. However, some non-racing horses also had interstitial and granulomatous pneumonia, patterns not described previously in racehorses in California, likely as a result of the inclusion of extended age categories for non-racing horses. We also found that the equine lung was frequently affected in cases of sepsis and gastrointestinal problems of infectious origin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387221094273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T02:11:47Z","timestamp":1652148707000},"page":"587-593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Retrospective study of pneumonia in non-racing horses in California"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Ariana","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco A.","family":"Uzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California\u2013Davis, San Bernardino, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna M.","family":"Hassebroek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5115-9949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco R.","family":"Carvallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10406387221094273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.162"},{"key":"bibr2-10406387221094273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(02)00065-2"},{"key":"bibr3-10406387221094273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30773-3"},{"key":"bibr4-10406387221094273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-5150-pvb-6005"},{"key":"bibr5-10406387221094273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2020.07.006"},{"key":"bibr6-10406387221094273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12703\/P6-64"},{"key":"bibr7-10406387221094273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.139.13.308"},{"key":"bibr8-10406387221094273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638720936251"},{"key":"bibr9-10406387221094273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638717717290"},{"key":"bibr10-10406387221094273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caswell JL, Williams KJ. 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