{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T13:36:09Z","timestamp":1778679369936,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008370","name":"National Pork Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20-150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-150"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Use of meat juice and muscle swabs at slaughterhouses may provide an easy-to-collect sample for African swine fever (ASF) surveillance. Meat juice has been experimentally shown to be a reliable sample for the detection of ASF virus (ASFV). We compared the detection of ASFV nucleic acid from diaphragm meat juice, diaphragm muscle swab, spleen, and spleen swabs from pigs with signs of ASFV infection at slaughterhouses around Kampala, Uganda. Pigs with \u22652 clinical or pathology signs at the time of slaughter had a spleen sample, spleen swab, diaphragm muscle sample, and diaphragm muscle swab collected. Meat juice was collected from muscle samples through a freeze\u2013thaw cycle. Each sample was tested individually, and 72 spleen, meat juice, and muscle swab sample pools of 4 negative and 1 positive sample were tested, as well. Standard operating procedures from the USDA\u2013Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory for viral DNA extraction and real-time PCR (rtPCR) were used. Of the 493 pigs evaluated, we classified as positive 357 (72.4%) diaphragm meat juice samples, 218 (44.2%) diaphragm muscle swabs, 247 (50.1%) spleen samples, and 241 (48.9%) spleen swabs. All spleen sample pools were positive (72 of 72; 100%), as were 71 of 72 (98.6%) meat juice pools and 67 of 72 (93.1%) muscle swab pools. Meat juice samples provided a reliable sample type for the detection by rtPCR of ASFV in pigs with natural infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387231151663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T01:44:55Z","timestamp":1674611095000},"page":"145-152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparison of diaphragm meat juice and muscle swab samples to spleen and spleen swab samples for the detection of African swine fever viral nucleic acid"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0443-1564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodney","family":"Okwasiimire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aisha","family":"Nassali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dickson","family":"Ndoboli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Ekakoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonto","family":"Faburay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Wampande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7370-0708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karyn A.","family":"Havas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pipestone Research, Pipestone Holdings, Pipestone, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10406387231151663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000848"},{"key":"bibr2-10406387231151663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2013.06.001"},{"key":"bibr3-10406387231151663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-10-247"},{"key":"bibr4-10406387231151663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-263"},{"key":"bibr5-10406387231151663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199808)21:8<1064::AID-MUS11>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"bibr6-10406387231151663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1009213286"},{"key":"bibr7-10406387231151663","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90018-V"},{"key":"bibr8-10406387231151663","unstructured":"Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Surveillance Design and Analysis Unit. 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