{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T14:39:04Z","timestamp":1778769544886,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686700800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are used to control rodent populations. Poisoning of non-target species can occur by accidental consumption of commercial formulations used for rodent control. A robust method for determining ARs in animal tissues is important for animal postmortem diagnostic and forensic purposes. We evaluated an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) method to quantify 8 ARs (brodifacoum, bromadiolone, chlorophacinone, coumachlor, dicoumarol, difethialone, diphacinone, warfarin) in a wide range of animal (bovine, canine, chicken, equine, porcine) liver samples, including incurred samples. We further evaluated UPLC-MS in 2 interlaboratory comparison (ILC) studies; one an ILC exercise (ICE), the other a proficiency test (PT). The limits of detection of UPLC-MS were 0.3\u20133.1\u2009ng\/g, and the limits of quantification were 0.8\u20139.4\u2009ng\/g. The recoveries obtained using UPLC-MS were 90\u2013115%, and relative SDs were 1.2\u201313% for each of the 8 ARs for the 50, 500, and 2,000\u2009ng\/g spiked liver samples. The overall accuracy from the laboratories participating in the 2 ILC studies (4 and 11 laboratories for ICE and PT studies, respectively) were 86\u2013118%, with relative repeatability SDs of 3.7\u201311%, relative reproducibility SDs of 7.8\u201331.2%, and Horwitz ratio values of 0.5\u20131.5. Via the ILC studies, we verified the accuracy of UPLC-MS for AR analysis in liver matrices and demonstrated that ILC can be utilized to evaluate performance characteristics of analytical methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387231178558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T05:33:53Z","timestamp":1686720833000},"page":"470-483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Validation and interlaboratory comparison of anticoagulant rodenticide analysis in animal livers using ultra-performance liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0659-3041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bedford Park, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvador","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bedford Park, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravinder M.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bedford Park, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Bedford Park, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0048-9243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andriy","family":"Tkachenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Nemser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRI Global, Kansas City, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3979-8617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renate","family":"Reimschuessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cheverly, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10406387231178558","unstructured":"AOAC Official Methods of Analysis. 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