{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T07:19:54Z","timestamp":1793863194639,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Herpesviruses are associated with disease in many penguin species. Herpesvirus-associated lesions can cause significant morbidity and mortality in penguins and have been identified in African penguins ( Spheniscus demersus), Humboldt penguins ( Spheniscus humboldti), and a little blue penguin ( Eudyptula minor) infected with spheniscid alphaherpesvirus 1 (SpAHV1). Further investigation is necessary to understand the impact of herpesviruses on penguin health, but there are no rapid, sensitive, and specific methods for detecting and quantifying herpesviral load. We therefore developed a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for the detection of SpAHV1 in penguins. TaqMan primer-probes targeting the DNA polymerase gene were designed using a commercial software program. Inter- and intra-assay variability, dynamic range, limit of detection, and analytical specificity were assessed. We used our assay to analyze previously collected field samples from Punta San Juan, Peru, in which conventional consensus PCR had detected one SpAHV1-positive penguin sample. Our qPCR assay was highly specific for SpAHV1. It had a dynamic range of 10\n                    <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u201310\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    target copies per reaction and performed with high efficiency and low intra- and inter-assay variability. Reaction efficiency was not impacted by penguin DNA from SpAHV1-negative tracheal swabs. We detected an additional field sample as positive with our newly developed qPCR assay, and although this likely represents detection of another infected penguin, the true disease status of this population is currently uncharacterized given that no gold-standard test exists for SpAHV1. Our qPCR assay may provide a valuable tool in the surveillance and characterization of SpAHV1 in penguins.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387241228869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T04:19:50Z","timestamp":1708057190000},"page":"187-191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development and analytical characteristics of a quantitative real-time PCR assay for detection of spheniscid alphaherpesvirus 1 in penguins"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9228-9213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maris J.","family":"Daleo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Wildlife Epidemiology Section, University of Illinois Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura A.","family":"Adamovicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Wildlife Epidemiology Section, University of Illinois Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew C.","family":"Allender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Wildlife Epidemiology Section, University of Illinois Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10406387241228869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/2015-07-195"},{"key":"bibr2-10406387241228869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2022-0105"},{"key":"bibr3-10406387241228869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2014.03.008"},{"key":"bibr4-10406387241228869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797"},{"key":"bibr5-10406387241228869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.02.014"},{"key":"bibr6-10406387241228869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-45.3.802"},{"key":"bibr7-10406387241228869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001673"},{"key":"bibr8-10406387241228869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638720920346"},{"key":"bibr9-10406387241228869","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases of Wild Birds","volume":"2007","author":"Kaleta EF"},{"key":"bibr10-10406387241228869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-24.1.173"},{"key":"bibr11-10406387241228869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm091"},{"key":"bibr12-10406387241228869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178811"},{"key":"bibr13-10406387241228869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02907"},{"key":"bibr14-10406387241228869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000698"},{"key":"bibr15-10406387241228869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638720960829"},{"key":"bibr16-10406387241228869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985820926678"},{"key":"bibr17-10406387241228869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks596"},{"key":"bibr18-10406387241228869","unstructured":"World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH). Chapter 1.1.6. Principles and methods of validation of diagnostic assays for infectious diseases. In: Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. WOAH, 2023. https:\/\/www.woah.org\/fileadmin\/Home\/fr\/Health_standards\/tahm\/1.01.06_VALIDATION.pdf"},{"key":"bibr19-10406387241228869","unstructured":"World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH). Chapter 2.2.7. Validation of diagnostic tests for infectious diseases applicable to wildlife. In: Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. WOAH, 2023. https:\/\/www.woah.org\/fileadmin\/Home\/eng\/Health_standards\/tahm\/2.02.07_WILDLIFE.pdf"},{"key":"bibr20-10406387241228869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-13-134"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10406387241228869","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10406387241228869","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10406387241228869","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:27:13Z","timestamp":1777681633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10406387241228869"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10406387241228869"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10406387241228869","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-6387","1943-4936"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-6387","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-4936","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]}}}