{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:41:30Z","timestamp":1777930890680,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710720000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000094","name":"ontario ministry of agriculture, food and rural affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ontario Agrifood Innovation Alliance through the O"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ontario Agrifood Innovation Alliance through the O"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Astroviruses have been found in cattle and other species with encephalitis. Our objective was to determine the frequency of neurotropic bovine astrovirus (BoAstV) in cases of encephalitis in cattle \u2265\u20094-mo-old. Of 56 cases of idiopathic lymphocytic encephalitis examined retrospectively (1988\u20132019), fixed brain from 11 cases (19%) tested positive by semi-quantitative RT-PCR for BoAstV CH13\/NeuroS1. None of the control cases tested positive, including 32 with other forms of encephalitis and 40 with no neurologic disease. Most astrovirus-positive cases were 1\u20132-y-old, with a range of 7\u2009mo to 7\u2009y, and affected both beef and dairy breeds with wide geographic distribution. BoAstV-positive cases had acute onset of neurologic signs of 12\u2009h to 7\u2009d before death or euthanasia. Affected cattle had lymphocytic inflammation throughout the brain including cerebrum, thalamus, midbrain, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and spinal cord, and affecting gray and white matter. Further PCR testing identified a possible cause in 9 of the 45 (20%) remaining idiopathic cases of lymphocytic encephalitis, including eastern equine encephalitis virus, Listeria monocytogenes, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine alphaherpesvirus 1, and ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (malignant catarrhal fever); we found no cases of infection by West Nile virus, rabies virus, or Chlamydia spp. No cause was identified in 36 of 56 (64%) cases of lymphocytic encephalitis. We frequently identified neurotropic BoAstV in cases of lymphocytic encephalitis that had no previously identified cause. Neurotropic BoAstV infections had gone undetected for decades, but the frequency of BoAstV infections has not increased among contemporary cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387241237192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T00:57:54Z","timestamp":1710809874000},"page":"447-456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Bovine astrovirus and its role in lymphocytic encephalitis in cattle in Ontario, Canada, 1988\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Dominique","family":"Comeau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria 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