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Because of financial restraints, desired testing could not be performed; the horse\u2019s condition declined despite supportive treatment, and euthanasia was elected. Postmortem examination revealed petechiae and ecchymoses in the meninges and neuroparenchyma of the encephalon. Blast-like neoplastic round cells were identified within the vasculature and areas of hemorrhage in the neuroparenchyma, the intestinal submucosa, and other organs, including the liver, kidney, lung, and mesenteric lymph node. Necrotizing enterocolitis and acute fibrinonecrotizing bacterial pneumonia were also noted. Of the atypical round cells in the encephalon, &gt;70% expressed ionized calcium\u2013binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), 10\u201320% expressed myeloperoxidase (MPO), and &lt;10% expressed PAX5, CD3, CD20, CD79a, or MUM1. The bone marrow was diffusely effaced by neoplastic round cells expressing Iba1, and ~70% of these cells expressed MPO with no expression of CD3 or CD20. CD172a also immunolabeled a portion of the neoplastic cells. These findings were consistent with the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia-M1 with an unusual neurologic presentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387241268322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T01:09:52Z","timestamp":1725498592000},"page":"836-841","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Acute myeloid leukemia-M1 in a horse with neurologic signs and necrotizing enterocolitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0202-7664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeongha","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sydney","family":"Mordoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustajab","family":"Mirza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3864-5915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariano","family":"Carossino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Del Piero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10406387241268322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-03-643544"},{"key":"bibr2-10406387241268322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638717707724"},{"key":"bibr3-10406387241268322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9102310"},{"key":"bibr4-10406387241268322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588402100521"},{"key":"bibr5-10406387241268322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1994.tb03229.x"},{"key":"bibr6-10406387241268322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00418-17"},{"key":"bibr7-10406387241268322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985817720983"},{"key":"bibr8-10406387241268322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5818\/JHMS-D-21-00007"},{"key":"bibr9-10406387241268322","first-page":"565","volume":"45","author":"Dierksen J","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"bibr10-10406387241268322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.21-0304"},{"key":"bibr11-10406387241268322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12983"},{"key":"bibr12-10406387241268322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2014.07.003"},{"key":"bibr13-10406387241268322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-021-00573-3"},{"key":"bibr14-10406387241268322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2021.100910"},{"key":"bibr15-10406387241268322","first-page":"557","volume-title":"Schalm\u2019s Veterinary Hematology","volume":"2022","author":"Stokol T","edition":"7"},{"key":"bibr16-10406387241268322","unstructured":"Swerdlow SH, et al. 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