{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:52:42Z","timestamp":1790023962799,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Sarcocystis pinnipedi<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an apicomplexan protozoal parasite that was first recognized during a mass mortality event in juvenile grey seals (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Halichoerus grypus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Since its identification, this parasite has been reported in various pinniped species and has been associated with fatal necrotizing hepatitis. Little is known of the host range of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. pinnipedi<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Here we report 2 cases of California sea lions (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Zalophus californianus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in managed care that died following an 8-d history of inappetence, vomiting, diarrhea, and progressive lethargy with elevated hepatic enzyme activities. Postmortem examination identified hepatitis and icterus.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Sarcocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                    schizonts and zoites were identified in regions of necrosis. Molecular and ultrastructural findings demonstrated the close relatedness of this\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Sarcocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                    to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which produces a similar lesion in bears.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387251321832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T23:32:26Z","timestamp":1740094346000},"page":"482-488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clinicopathologic, molecular, and ultrastructural features of\n                    <i>Sarcocystis pinnipedi<\/i>\n                    infection in 2 California sea lions with fatal necrotizing hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7734-9305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elliott S.","family":"Chiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California\u2013Davis, Davis, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devinn M.","family":"Sinnott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California\u2013Davis, Davis, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8465-9958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha A.","family":"Delaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Pathology Program, University of Illinois, Brookfield, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Garner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest ZooPath, Monroe, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lance","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquarium of the Pacific, Long Beach, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5309-3595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bill","family":"Van Bonn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Colegrove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Pathology Program, University of Illinois, Brookfield, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Haman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington Department of Fish &amp; Wildlife, Olympia, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1870-9945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anibal G.","family":"Armi\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California\u2013Davis, Davis, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California\u2013Davis, Davis, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08822-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985819891240"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03047"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b19184"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3283155"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh340"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284422"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2019.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syq010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","unstructured":"Haman KH et al Novel Sarcocystis spp. associated with mortality in pinnipeds of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Proc IAAAM Conf; Sausalito CA USA; April 21\u201326 2013. https:\/\/www.vin.com\/apputil\/content\/defaultadv1.aspx?pId=11375&id=5768583&print=1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02101694"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4832-3211-9.50009-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/JWD-D-20-00225"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-407R.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879200400428"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msn083"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5193(05)80104-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985819829526"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2019.103252"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2023.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870902100223"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10406387251321832","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10406387251321832","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10406387251321832","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:28:28Z","timestamp":1777681708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10406387251321832"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10406387251321832"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10406387251321832","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-6387","1943-4936"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-6387","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-4936","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]}}}