{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T18:21:01Z","timestamp":1788891661777,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745712000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007787","name":"National Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project number: 13010124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project number: 13010124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a widespread intracellular protozoan that can infect humans and animals. We isolated\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains from sheep, goats, cattle, buffaloes, and camels to develop and evaluate a modified in-house dot-ELISA for the detection of\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibodies in farm animals, and compared the results with a commercial ELISA (IDvet; gold standard). Animal tissue samples (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009430) were examined microscopically, and infected tissues were bioassayed in mice as a viability test. Egyptian\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains were isolated from sheep, cattle, and camels and identified via PCR using the\n                    <jats:italic>B1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene (GenBank OR837022.1, OR837021.1, OR837020.1 from sheep, cattle, and camels, respectively). A\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    tachyzoite antigen from a sheep strain had the highest potential for the detection of specific\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibodies. We characterized this antigen using SDS-PAGE and separated it into 10 polypeptides of 96\u221212 kDa. Our modified in-house dot-ELISA detected\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    seropositivity in 172 of 430 (40%) farm animals with a sensitivity of 96.6% and specificity of 100%. The results of our dot-ELISA were confirmed in comparison with those of our indirect ELISA and the commercial ELISA. In a western blot, a predominant immunogenic reactive antigen band of 65 kDa was detected in\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013positive sera of sheep, cattle, buffaloes, and camels; no cross-reaction occurred with antibodies to other parasitic infections or samples from healthy controls. Our modified in-house dot-ELISA is a rapid and simple test that showed promise for the detection of\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibodies in farm animals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387251331637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T02:18:13Z","timestamp":1745806693000},"page":"597-608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of a commercial ELISA, an in-house indirect ELISA, and a dot-ELISA developed for the serodetection of\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    antibodies in farm animals"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Nagwa I.","family":"Toaleb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology and Animal Diseases Departments, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raafat M.","family":"Shaapan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoonotic Diseases Departments, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2581-6503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina","family":"Aboelsoued","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology and Animal Diseases Departments, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182019001367"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-018-1029-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00070-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00237-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3282141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Tijdsch Diergeneeskd","author":"Cremers HJ","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cremers HJ, et al. Problemen bij het aantonen van Toxoplasma gondii in spierweefsel van schapen [Problems in the demonstration of Toxoplasma gondii in muscle tissue of sheep]. Tijdsch Diergeneeskd 1991;116:3\u20136. Dutch."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14060883"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2016.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans","author":"Dubey JP.","unstructured":"Dubey JP. Biology of Toxoplasma gondii. In: Dubey JP, ed. Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans. 3rd ed. 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