{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:42:15Z","timestamp":1777930935805,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"North Dakota State University\u2013Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Hemorrhagic septicemia\u2013causing strains of\n                    <jats:italic>Pasteurella multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                    are endemic in Asia and Africa, but naturally occurring hemorrhagic septicemia has not been described in livestock in the United States since 1993. There are 5 capsular types of\n                    <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                    : A, B, D, E, and F. Two capsular types (B, E) cause hemorrhagic septicemia, whereas capsular types A and, to a lesser extent, D are associated with enzootic bovine pneumonia. Here we describe 2 naturally occurring cases of hemorrhagic septicemia caused by\n                    <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                    capsular type B:3,4 in the United States, including molecular characterization of these strains, with a comparison to available reference strains and publicly available genomes of\n                    <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                    capsular type B. Genomic analyses demonstrated that our case strains are similar to a strain isolated from New Jersey cattle in 1968 and to contemporaneous strains from New Zealand and Canada. These strains are different from those circulating globally, as demonstrated by the need to assign new sequence types for our isolates. Hemorrhagic septicemia appears to be re-emerging globally in countries that have not seen outbreaks in decades and may be poised for re-emergence in the United States given the identification of these novel strains.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387251342528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T03:10:37Z","timestamp":1748056237000},"page":"771-778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hemorrhagic septicemia in the United States: molecular characterization of isolates and comparison to a global collection"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5121-950X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelli J.","family":"Maddock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA"},{"name":"College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0305-734X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brianna L. S.","family":"Stenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5475-5482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi L.","family":"Pecoraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jill C.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7282-096X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Dustin","family":"Loy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, University of Nebraska\u2013 Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brett T.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1999.tb01491.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"300","article-title":"So-called hemorrhagic septicemia","volume":"96","author":"Aitken W.","year":"1940","unstructured":"Aitken W. So-called hemorrhagic septicemia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1940;96:300\u2013304.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277659"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"16","volume-title":"Proc Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn Meeting","author":"Blanchard PC","year":"1993","unstructured":"Blanchard PC, et al. Septicemic pasteurellosis in beef calves associated with Pasteurella multocida. In: Proc Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn Meeting; 1993:16."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1589525"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"158","article-title":"Animal serotypes of Pasteurella multocida from human infections","volume":"53","author":"Carter GR.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Carter GR. Animal serotypes of Pasteurella multocida from human infections. Can J Public Health 1962;53:158\u2013161.","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Immunological differentiation of type B and E strains of Pasteurella multocida","volume":"4","author":"Carter GR.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Carter GR. Immunological differentiation of type B and E strains of Pasteurella multocida. Can Vet J 1963;4:61\u201363.","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"1052","article-title":"A new serological type of Pasteurella multocida from central Africa","volume":"73","author":"Carter GR.","year":"1961","unstructured":"Carter GR. A new serological type of Pasteurella multocida from central Africa. Vet Rec 1961;73:1052.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"481","article-title":"Studies on Pasteurella multocida. I. A hemagglutination test for the identification of serological types","volume":"16","author":"Carter GR.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Carter GR. 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