{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:42:22Z","timestamp":1777930942687,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759449600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ectopic splenic tissue (accessory spleen or splenosis) occurs as dark-red-to-brown or purple nodules outside the spleen. Accessory spleens are congenital lesions histologically identical to a normal spleen. Splenosis results from implantation of splenic tissue following splenic rupture and lacks features of normal spleen. However, these distinctions have been largely applied to human cases, and the terms are often used interchangeably in domestic animals. Here we describe ectopic splenic tissue in 46 canine surgical biopsy specimens examined at the Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, 2000\u20132024. The omentum (39 cases) and mesentery (5) were the most commonly affected sites. Original diagnoses were accessory spleen (28 cases), splenosis (14), accessory spleen or splenosis (2), and ectopic splenic tissue and normal splenic tissue (1 each). Updated diagnoses, modified after histologic assessment for a fibrous capsule, smooth muscle trabeculae, and white and red pulp, were accessory spleen (37 cases) and splenosis (9). Concurrent splenic lesions were reported in 12 cases in which accessory spleens were diagnosed and only 2 splenosis cases, confirming that the histologic diagnosis of accessory spleen and splenosis is not always correlated with the clinical history and gross findings (no splenic lesions vs. splenic lesions with rupture). For that reason,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ectopic splenic tissue<\/jats:italic>\n                    may be a more inclusive and better term for these lesions. Hemangiosarcoma was diagnosed in the spleen in 4 of the 12 cases with splenic masses, which underscores the importance of the differentiation between ectopic splenic tissue and hemangiosarcoma.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387251379922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T08:21:56Z","timestamp":1759479716000},"page":"119-124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ectopic splenic tissue in 46 dogs, 2000\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1318-2133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. Robert","family":"Stilz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9222-3479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo E.","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio S. L.","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Anatomic Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4574-2836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Rissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638712458783"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20528"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1992.tb00443.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"809","volume-title":"Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease","author":"Durham AC","unstructured":"Durham AC, Boes KM. Bone marrow, blood cells, and the lymphoid\/lymphatic system. In: Zachary JF, ed. Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease. 7th ed. Elsevier, 2022:809\u2013891.","edition":"7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0b013e318038d1f8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12271"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.40-6-708"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"1031","article-title":"Intrahepatic splenosis mimicking liver cancer: report of a case and review of literature","volume":"8","author":"Liu C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu C, et al. Intrahepatic splenosis mimicking liver cancer: report of a case and review of literature. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015;8:1031\u20131035.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsc.2018.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","article-title":"A rare case of pancreatic splenosis and a literature review","volume":"9","author":"Mascioli F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mascioli F, et al. A rare case of pancreatic splenosis and a literature review. Ann Ital Chir 2020;9:S2239253X20032120.","journal-title":"Ann Ital Chir"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"147","article-title":"Chronic splenic torsion in a dog with an accessory spleen","volume":"63","author":"Mergl JC","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mergl JC, et al. Chronic splenic torsion in a dog with an accessory spleen. Can Vet J 2022;63:147\u2013151.","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2016.70.389-391"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vrc2.730"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15547\/bjvm.2019-0031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.109834"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1985.tb02080.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","first-page":"433","article-title":"Hemoperitoneum in a dog with hepatic splenosis","volume":"38","author":"Pavarini SP","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pavarini SP, et al. Hemoperitoneum in a dog with hepatic splenosis. Acta Sci Vet 2010;38:433\u2013437.","journal-title":"Acta Sci Vet"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"665","article-title":"The regeneration of autoplastic splenic transplants","volume":"12","author":"Perla D.","year":"1936","unstructured":"Perla D. The regeneration of autoplastic splenic transplants. Am J Pathol 1936;12:665\u2013676.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Ectopic spleen presenting with anemia and an abdominal mass in a dog","volume":"54","author":"Prosser KJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Prosser KJ, et al. Ectopic spleen presenting with anemia and an abdominal mass in a dog. Can Vet J 2013;54:1071\u20131074.","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2012.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","first-page":"173","article-title":"B-mode and contrast-enhanced sonographic assessment of accessory spleen in the dog","volume":"51","author":"Rossi F","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rossi F, et al. B-mode and contrast-enhanced sonographic assessment of accessory spleen in the dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2010;51:173\u2013177.","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e318202893f"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.55.485"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","first-page":"162","volume-title":"Jubb, Kennedy & Palmer\u2019s Pathology of Domestic Animals","author":"Valli VEO","unstructured":"Valli VEO, et al. Hematopoietic system. In: Maxie MG, ed. Jubb, Kennedy & Palmer\u2019s Pathology of Domestic Animals. 6th ed. 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