{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T05:07:32Z","timestamp":1784264852443,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Meat & Livestock Australia Donor Company Limited","award":["P.PSH.1307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P.PSH.1307"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The intracellular bacterium,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , causes Q fever in humans and coxiellosis in animals. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) has been shown to be important in Q fever; however, few studies have investigated the role of CMI in coxiellosis in cattle. Therefore, we aimed to optimize a whole-blood cytokine recall assay (CRA) and to evaluate\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013specific interferon-gamma (IFN\u03b3) and interleukin 10 (IL10) responses in naturally infected cattle. Duplicate blood samples were collected from cows in an endemically infected dairy herd (as determined by serologic and molecular testing as well as through microbiologic culture) and subsequently transported at ambient temperature or on ice before stimulation with phase 1 and 2\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    antigen at various concentrations for 24 or 48\u2009h; IFN\u03b3 and IL10 were measured in supernatant by ELISA. Using the optimized assay, the cytokine response was measured at calving and ~8\u2009wk post-calving. The effect was assessed using generalized linear models and Spearman correlation coefficient (\u03c1). The greatest mean cytokine responses were elicited when blood samples were transported at ambient temperature and stimulated for 48\u2009h with the highest\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    antigen concentration. There was a significantly greater mean IFN\u03b3 (2.04 times) and IL10 (1.86 times) response at 8\u2009wk post-calving compared to calving. At 8\u2009wk post-calving, the correlation between cytokine response to phase 1 and 2\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    was \u03c1\u2009=\u20090.84 for IFN\u03b3 and \u03c1\u2009=\u20090.91 for IL10. Ultimately, our optimization study will guide informed use of the CRA in cattle research, allowing effective investigation of CMI in coxiellosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387251390933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T05:35:07Z","timestamp":1764740107000},"page":"225-237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimization of a bovine whole-blood cytokine recall assay for the detection of interferon-gamma and interleukin 10 following stimulation with\n                    <i>Coxiella burnetii<\/i>\n                    antigens"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Lucy","family":"O\u2019Shannessy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7126-9865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karren","family":"Plain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Menangle, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5234-1606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul A.","family":"Sheehy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"House","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9337-9819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin U.","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany"},{"name":"Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"B\u00f6ttcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Service, Bavaria, Poing, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridgette G.","family":"Logan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7561-2162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrina L.","family":"Bosward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.160.3.994-1002.1984"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01767-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2005010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-017-0440-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"1106","article-title":"Feasibility study on Coxiella burnetii phase-specific antibody tests and interferon-\u03b3-recall assay in dairy cattle","volume":"4","author":"Boettcher J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boettcher J, et al. 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