{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T06:49:41Z","timestamp":1791528581635,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"UCVM Veterinary Outbreak Investigation Service"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Interstitial pneumonia and lymphocytic bronchiolitis with interstitial emphysema is an unusual reaction pattern in fetal and neonatal calves. These changes often are thought to suggest a chronic bacterial infection acquired in utero, and an associated placentitis is expected. Viral agents can also be implicated. Specific known pathogens that can induce a similar inflammatory response include\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ureaplasma diversum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycoplasmopsis bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Brucella abortus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , bovine viral diarrhea virus, and bovine parainfluenza virus 3. We describe a series of 15 cases of interstitial pneumonia and lymphocytic bronchiolitis with interstitial emphysema in fetal and early neonatal (up to 3-d-old) beef calves collected over 10\u2009y in Alberta, Canada. Where reported, calves appeared small, weak, and occasionally were dyspneic. On autopsy, lungs appeared diffusely voluminous with interstitial emphysema, bulla formation, and rarely mediastinal emphysema and pneumothorax. A few calves had additional features of bacterial infection, such as pericarditis. Placenta was not received. Histologic lung findings in the affected calves included alveolar septa expanded by mononuclear cells, sparse neutrophils and macrophages within alveoli, variable lymphocytic and histiocytic peribronchiolar cuffing, prominent lymphoid aggregates surrounding bronchioles, occasional vascular necrosis, and subpleural and interlobular emphysema. PCR testing and immunohistochemistry for the previously noted pathogens were negative, and the cause of this unique condition, although presumably infectious, remains unknown.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387251410557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T06:27:51Z","timestamp":1769754471000},"page":"769-775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Interstitial pneumonia and lymphocytic bronchiolitis with interstitial emphysema of unknown cause in Western Canadian fetal and neonatal beef calves"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5619-4540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dayna","family":"Goldsmith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6129-2456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie","family":"Waine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2122-2124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolyn","family":"Legge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8902-7389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin","family":"Zachar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beverly","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Bravo Araya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Boone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7884-7701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsay","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7668-6817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"225","article-title":"A retrospective study of bovine abortions associated with Bacillus licheniformis","volume":"42","author":"Agerholm JS","year":"1995","unstructured":"Agerholm JS, et al A retrospective study of bovine abortions associated with Bacillus licheniformis. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 1995;42:225\u2013234.","journal-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed B"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC). Beef Cattle Registrations in Canada. Government of Canada 2021. https:\/\/agriculture.canada.ca\/en\/sector\/animal-industry\/canadian-dairy-information-centre\/publications\/statistics-canadas-animal-genetics\/beef-registrations-canada"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2007.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2008.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-5318-4.00011-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12131596"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-022-00853-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638711435145"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"247","article-title":"A review of interstitial pneumonia in cattle","volume":"31","author":"Kerr LA","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kerr LA, Linnabary RD. A review of interstitial pneumonia in cattle. Vet Hum Toxicol 1989;31:247\u2013254.","journal-title":"Vet Hum Toxicol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.224.42"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091830103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11041033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2010.01668.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731115002062"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-9153-8_26"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10010010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2010.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","unstructured":"Pecoraro H. Tissues from a bovine neonate. Western Round Robin. In: Davis-Thompson Foundation Newsletter 2022:2. https:\/\/davisthompsonfoundation.org\/slide-detail\/?wdt_md_p_t_id=27&wdt_md_p_t_col_name=id&wdt_md_col_value=2756"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2008.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588802500503"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.22.03.0139"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30306-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","article-title":"An Atlas of Histopathology for Beef Calves Less than Three Months of Age","author":"Waldner C","year":"2009","unstructured":"Waldner C, et al An Atlas of Histopathology for Beef Calves Less than Three Months of Age. Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 2009.","journal-title":"Western College of Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","first-page":"1227","article-title":"Gross postmortem and histologic examination findings from abortion losses and calf mortalities in western Canadian beef herds","volume":"51","author":"Waldner CL","year":"2010","unstructured":"Waldner CL, et al Gross postmortem and histologic examination findings from abortion losses and calf mortalities in western Canadian beef herds. Can Vet J 2010;51:1227\u20131238.","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","first-page":"314","article-title":"The effect of early calfhood health status on survivorship and age at first calving","volume":"50","author":"Waltner-Toews D","year":"1986","unstructured":"Waltner-Toews D, et al The effect of early calfhood health status on survivorship and age at first calving. Can J Vet Res 1986;50:314\u2013317.","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10406387251410557","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10406387251410557","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10406387251410557","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:59:46Z","timestamp":1791525586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10406387251410557"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10406387251410557"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10406387251410557","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-6387","1943-4936"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-6387","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-4936","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]}}}