{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T15:04:14Z","timestamp":1789398254184,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study"},{"name":"Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000202","name":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Wildlife Refuge System"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000203","name":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"USGS Ecosystems Mission Area"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    An ~6-mo-old, free-ranging, male, American black bear (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ursus americanus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) cub that was observed stumbling, acting disoriented, and falling, was dispatched and sent for postmortem evaluation. Bilaterally, round concretions were present in both the anterior and posterior aspects of the lens, disrupting the lens epithelium. These concretions were continuous with and extended from the inner surface of the lens capsule, as seen with a periodic acid-Schiff\u2013hematoxylin reaction. Immunohistochemistry for alpha A crystallin was inconsistent, with weakly positive immunolabeling indicative of lens fibers. Other findings in this cub included emaciation and ursicoptic mange. Based on histopathologic findings, in conjunction with the clinical signs observed prior to death, we suspect that the bilateral lens lesions in this cub caused visual impairment. Congenital ocular defects are rarely reported in free-ranging wildlife. Developmental anomalies affecting the lens have not been previously described in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ursidae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , to our knowledge.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387261418616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T07:10:24Z","timestamp":1774941024000},"page":"1038-1041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Putative congenital bilateral lens anomaly in a free-ranging American black bear cub from North Carolina, USA"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1318-2133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. 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Paige","family":"Carmichael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Patholog, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth W.","family":"Howerth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Patholog, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clinton","family":"Barden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Raleigh, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5931-175X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Nemeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Patholog, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"27","article-title":"Learning and color discrimination in the American black bear","volume":"3","author":"Bacon ES","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bacon ES, Burghardt GM. 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Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2025;57:101172.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2012.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985818759771"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/vet-2002-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12303"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119108603.ch3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-81273-7_12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10071-016-1011-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000000947"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9951032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2192\/URSUS-D-23-00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12070801"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","unstructured":"Riese KE. Black bear population health monitoring in the Southeast. Masters thesis University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 2023. https:\/\/trace.tennessee.edu\/utk_gradthes\/9964"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","first-page":"85","article-title":"Structural and functional peculiarities of \u03b1-crystallin","volume":"9","author":"Selivanova OM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Selivanova OM, Galzitskaya OV. Structural and functional peculiarities of \u03b1-crystallin. Biology (Basel) 2020;9:85.","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3009.240679"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","unstructured":"Uhl LK et al. P20. Phacoemulsification in a 1.5 year old American black bear (Ursus americanus) with congenital\/juvenile cataracts. 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