{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T11:26:09Z","timestamp":1793618769832,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Innov\u2019Action Bioalimentaire","award":["Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Agriculture, des P\u00eacheries et de"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Agriculture, des P\u00eacheries et de"]}]},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","award":["Fonds du Centenaire"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fonds du Centenaire"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0161xgx34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Agriculture, des P\u00eacheries et de l\u2019Alimentation du Qu\u00e9bec","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04mqc6b03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    An unprecedented increase in the number and the size of yellow mealworm beetle (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tenebrio molitor<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) farms in North America and Europe has been driven, among other factors, by the demand for sustainable proteins. Insect farming offers ecologic advantages, including lower land and water use and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. As in conventional livestock farming, veterinarians are essential to maintain insect health because disease outbreaks can reduce productivity, compromise animal welfare, and cause monetary loss. Yet, the role of veterinary diagnosticians remains limited in this emerging sector because of the lack of standardized diagnostic tools and anatomic references. The autopsy of an invertebrate is a valuable tool that can, just as in any other species, serve to determine the cause of death, identify underlying disease processes, and guide herd health management. However, performing beetle autopsies is technically challenging given their small size, rigid exoskeleton, and fragile internal organs. Here, we offer an illustrated, step-by-step dissection protocol for adult\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. molitor<\/jats:italic>\n                    using standard laboratory equipment. Our method emphasizes an aqueous immersion approach that preserves tissue integrity, enhances visibility, and yields consistent results. We describe the abdominal anatomy of both sexes, including the digestive, reproductive, and nervous systems. Structures include 6 testicular follicles, bean-shaped accessory glands, and a spermathecal gland in females that exceeds the spermatheca in size. The abdominal nerve cord comprises 7 metameric ganglia, with caudal fusion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387261427763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T08:40:02Z","timestamp":1776242402000},"page":"900-907","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An illustrated guide to dissection and abdominal anatomy of the yellow mealworm beetle"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8656-078X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chlo\u00e9","family":"Rosa-Teijeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de diagnostic v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Saint-Hyacinthe, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3441-7608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanny","family":"Renois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale, Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Saint-Hyacinthe, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0244-1179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-Odile","family":"Benoit-Biancamano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de diagnostic v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Saint-Hyacinthe, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anatomical study of the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) using micro-computed tomography","volume":"9","author":"Alba-Alejandre I","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alba-Alejandre I, et al Anatomical study of the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) using micro-computed tomography. Sci Rep 2019;9:1\u201316.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03009858231180488"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12010012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032296"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"239","article-title":"The anatomy, histology and physiology of the internal adult male reproductive system of Parastizopus armaticeps P\u00e9ringuey (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)","volume":"45","author":"Brits JA.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Brits JA. The anatomy, histology and physiology of the internal adult male reproductive system of Parastizopus armaticeps P\u00e9ringuey (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). J Entomol Soc South Afr 1981;45:239\u2013260.","journal-title":"J Entomol Soc South Afr"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13203508"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4040125"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.21575"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nfs.2020.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03009858231189288"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"9155","article-title":"Safety of frozen and dried forms of whole yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larva) as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015\/2283","volume":"23","author":"European Food Safety Authority","year":"2025","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority. Safety of frozen and dried forms of whole yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larva) as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015\/2283. EFSA J 2025;23:9155.","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/finsc.2023.1059046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1649\/0010-065X-71.1.137"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asd.2021.101088"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12121099"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z78-342"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","first-page":"577","article-title":"Evaluation of euthanasia techniques for an invertebrate species, land snails (Succinea putris)","volume":"55","author":"Gilbertson CR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gilbertson CR, Wyatt JD. Evaluation of euthanasia techniques for an invertebrate species, land snails (Succinea putris). J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2016;55:577\u2013581.","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"337","article-title":"Sustainable farming of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor for the production of food and feed","volume":"72","author":"Grau T","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grau T, et al Sustainable farming of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor for the production of food and feed. J Biosci 2017;72:337\u2013349.","journal-title":"J Biosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402000204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Positional relationships among male reproductive organs in insects. Male reproductive anatomy","author":"Hiroyoshi S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hiroyoshi S, Reddy GVP. Positional relationships among male reproductive organs in insects. Male reproductive anatomy. IntechOpen 2021:1\u201319.","journal-title":"IntechOpen"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10112068"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"264","article-title":"Impact of adult weight, density, and age on reproduction of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)","volume":"47","author":"Morales-Ramos JA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morales-Ramos JA, et al Impact of adult weight, density, and age on reproduction of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). J Entomol Sci 2012;47:264\u2013273.","journal-title":"J Entomol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11092568"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asd.2020.100980"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/23524588-20230154"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.52.110405.091322"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11756-021-00796-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/azo.12379"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/micmic\/ozad024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","first-page":"49","article-title":"Morphology and histology of the female reproductive system of Gonioctena fornicata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)","volume":"72","author":"Pampolini F","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pampolini F, Roversi PF. Morphology and histology of the female reproductive system of Gonioctena fornicata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Bull Insectol 2019;72:49\u201358.","journal-title":"Bull Insectol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zool.2016.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.70036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Morphology of the male reproductive tract and spermatozoa of Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Ptinidae)","volume":"291","author":"Reis AB","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reis AB, et al Morphology of the male reproductive tract and spermatozoa of Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Ptinidae). Zool Anz 2021;291:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Zool Anz"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1519-566X2008000200006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00435-016-0321-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","unstructured":"Schmidt U. Tenebrio molitor Linn\u00e9 1758 [photograph]. [cited 2026 Jan 26]. https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/coleoptera-us\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-019-02033-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03014223.1982.10423867"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/1871138a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/saae042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-024-03877-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144087"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1177\/10406387261492362","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10406387261427763","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10406387261427763","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10406387261427763","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T10:29:15Z","timestamp":1793615355000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10406387261427763"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10406387261427763"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10406387261427763","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-6387","1943-4936"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-6387","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-4936","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]}}}