{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T11:05:24Z","timestamp":1789297524888,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007917","name":"Agricultural Research Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["58-0200-0-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58-0200-0-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MSU-CVM House Officer Grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The reported limit of detection (LOD) for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tritrichomonas foetus<\/jats:italic>\n                    reverse-transcription real-time PCR (RT-rtPCR) is one organism\/extraction in PBS without prior culture. Our objective was to determine if 0.9% sterile saline (saline) was noninferior to PBS as a transport medium for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. foetus<\/jats:italic>\n                    RT-rtPCR testing at the LOD. Each week for 10\u2009wk, preputial washing samples were collected from known\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. foetus\u2013<\/jats:italic>\n                    negative bulls, centrifuged, and combined into a single pellet that was evenly distributed into stock solutions for both media. The stock solutions were used to prepare sixty 1.3-mL samples of each medium, with 30 samples inoculated with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. foetus<\/jats:italic>\n                    to a concentration of 1 organism\/100 \u03bcL to evaluate sensitivity (Sn) and 30 left uninoculated to evaluate specificity (Sp). We tested 1,200 (Sn\n                    <jats:sub>PBS<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u2009300, Sn\n                    <jats:sub>saline<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u2009300, Sp\n                    <jats:sub>PBS<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u2009300, Sp\n                    <jats:sub>saline<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u2009300) samples by RT-rtPCR. Differences in Sn and Sp between media were tested using logistic regression models. The Farrington\u2013Manning test was used to evaluate the difference between parameters with \u2206\u2009=\u20092.5%. For PBS, Sn\u2009=\u200970.7% (95% CI [65.2, 75.8%]) and Sp\u2009=\u200999.7% (95% CI [98.2, 100%]); for saline, Sn\u2009=\u200973.3% (95% CI [68.0, 78.3%]) and Sp\u2009=\u2009100% (95% CI [98.8, 100%]). The Sp\n                    <jats:sub>saline<\/jats:sub>\n                    was noninferior to Sp\n                    <jats:sub>PBS<\/jats:sub>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.002); however, noninferiority of Sn\n                    <jats:sub>saline<\/jats:sub>\n                    to Sn\n                    <jats:sub>PBS<\/jats:sub>\n                    was inconclusive (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.08). The Sn for samples inoculated near the LOD in saline was similar to, and Sp was noninferior to, PBS, suggesting that either would be acceptable as a transport medium for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. foetus<\/jats:italic>\n                    detection using RT-rtPCR.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387261429063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T08:42:56Z","timestamp":1774687376000},"page":"991-996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A noninferiority trial comparing the sensitivity and specificity of\n                    <i>Tritrichomonas foetus<\/i>\n                    RT-rtPCR using 0.9% sterile saline versus PBS as transport medium"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5375-9597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler M.","family":"Jumper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8764-1688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merrilee","family":"Thoresen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1898-1947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. Heath","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2540-4940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duan S.","family":"Loy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostics Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7282-096X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Dustin","family":"Loy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostics Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8547-7486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Anonymous. Seeking Harmonization of Trichomoniasis Regulatory and Testing Standards [White paper]. National Institute for Animal Agriculture and U.S. Animal Health Association Joint Forum on Trichomoniasis Standards 2014. https:\/\/www.usaha.org\/upload\/Publication\/Top%20Specific\/NIAA_USAHA_Joint_Forum_on_Tricho.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30346-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21423\/bovine-vol33no2p124-127"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00423-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2023.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638711417143"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojas.2019.91010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2007.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3273317"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.239.12.1589"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2007.00247.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.2.513-519.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","first-page":"452","article-title":"Relative efficacy of various methods of obtaining preputial samples for diagnosis of trichomoniasis in bulls","volume":"49","author":"Fitzgerald P.","year":"1952","unstructured":"Fitzgerald P. Relative efficacy of various methods of obtaining preputial samples for diagnosis of trichomoniasis in bulls. Am J Vet Res 1952;49:452\u2013457.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638718767943"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1986.189.07.772"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","first-page":"143","article-title":"The distribution of Trichomonas foetus in the preputial cavity of infected bulls","volume":"4","author":"Hammond DM","year":"1943","unstructured":"Hammond DM, Bartlett DE. The distribution of Trichomonas foetus in the preputial cavity of infected bulls. Am J Vet Res 1943;4:143\u2013149.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v73i2.558"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387261418210"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","first-page":"63","article-title":"RNA quality matters","volume":"17","author":"Kubista M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kubista M, et al RNA quality matters. Eur Pharm Rev 2012;17:63\u201367.","journal-title":"Eur Pharm Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1101502"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-51-13984"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(03)00138-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.237.9.1068"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2016.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870301500510"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1989.194.06.771"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.134.24.620"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1985.187.04.405"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119602484.ch58"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.047365-0"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10406387261429063","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10406387261429063","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10406387261429063","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T10:19:36Z","timestamp":1789294776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10406387261429063"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10406387261429063"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10406387261429063","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-6387","1943-4936"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-6387","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-4936","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]]}}}