{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T15:04:21Z","timestamp":1789398261561,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) is a rare, chronic manifestation of organophosphate (OP) poisoning that typically emerges days after exposure and affects humans and other animals. Here, we describe the epidemiologic, clinical, and pathologic features of 2 suspected outbreaks of OPIDN in Australian Merino sheep in Uruguay following cutaneous exposure to OP. The outbreaks occurred in yearling sheep at 21 and 44\u2009d after a single exposure to pirimiphos-methyl and diazinon, respectively, involving several hundred animals in each case. Affected animals had massive skin perforations caused by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nassella charruana<\/jats:italic>\n                    (i.e.,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">flechilla<\/jats:italic>\n                    or lobed needlegrass)\u2014a native grass of the Pampa biome that is common in Uruguayan natural grasslands\u2014which likely facilitated enhanced dermal absorption of OP. Histologic examination revealed axonal spheroids, vacuolation, and variable numbers of digestion chambers in the cervical, lumbar, and sacrococcygeal spinal cord segments, predominantly involving the ventral horn, propriospinal tract, and dorsal and lateral funiculi. We suggest that the cutaneous lesions were a critical predisposing factor for OP absorption and the subsequent development of OPIDN. Management of native\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nassella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. in grazing areas may serve as a prophylactic strategy to mitigate the risk of OP toxicosis on sheep farms where dermal routes are used for antiparasitic treatments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387261438463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T14:09:58Z","timestamp":1775484598000},"page":"1102-1106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Suspected organophosphate delayed neurotoxicity in sheep associated with widespread lobed needlegrass (\n                    <i>Nassella charruana<\/i>\n                    )-induced skin perforations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9573-2105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana L\u00edvia V.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Agropecuaria, Tacuaremb\u00f3, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Dutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary consultant, Tacuaremb\u00f3, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9086-3867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cintia R. R.","family":"Queiroz-Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Tacuaremb\u00f3, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Fierro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretariado Uruguayo de la Lana, Montevideo, Uruguay"},{"name":"Sistema Nacional de Investigadores, Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5666-7013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saulo","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Agropecuaria, Tacuaremb\u00f3, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mart\u00edn","family":"Jaurena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Agropecuaria, Tacuaremb\u00f3, Uruguay"},{"name":"Sistema Nacional de Investigadores, Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5738-7785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franklin","family":"Riet-Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2494-9574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejo","family":"Menchaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Agropecuaria, Tacuaremb\u00f3, Uruguay"},{"name":"Sistema Nacional de Investigadores, Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2029-884X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mizael","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Agropecuaria, Tacuaremb\u00f3, Uruguay"},{"name":"Sistema Nacional de Investigadores, Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/AEOH.58.8.484-497"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118696781.ch7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1970.31.05.865"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098587701400205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"253","article-title":"Organophosphorous [sic] neuropathy. 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