{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T10:44:48Z","timestamp":1791801888409,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009168","name":"Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AP24WSNWRC00C027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP24WSNWRC00C027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009168","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a highly transmissible, global prion disease of captive and wild cervids. The approved tests for the detection of the infectious CWD prion (PrP\n                    <jats:sup>CWD<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) are ELISA and immunohistochemistry (IHC), but both have limitations and can yield discrepant results. ELISA requires a fresh or frozen medial retropharyngeal lymph node (RPLN); IHC requires the RPLN to be formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded, thus requiring 2 different storage protocols. Real-time quaking-induced conversion (rtQuIC) is a sensitive amplification technique used commonly in research to detect prions. Here, we optimized a rtQuIC assay for CWD prion detection in formalin-fixed (FF) and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues (FFPE) from white-tailed deer in Pennsylvania with various prion protein (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PRNP<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) genotypes. Our proposed protocol differs from other publications because it does not require hazardous solvents such as xylene. We found that FF RPLN samples can be tested by rtQuIC with up to 96% sensitivity and 100% specificity, and FFPE RPLN samples can be tested by rtQuIC with up to 98% sensitivity and 99% specificity for PrP\n                    <jats:sup>CWD<\/jats:sup>\n                    detection. Our results are comparable to testing fresh or frozen tissue, and we did not find an effect of prion protein genotype on assay performance. This application of rtQuIC has the potential to improve surveillance and disease management in regions with limited access to cold storage and allow testing of RPLNs with discrepant PrP\n                    <jats:sup>CWD<\/jats:sup>\n                    results when tissue of sufficient quality is unavailable.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387261445902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T07:20:02Z","timestamp":1779348002000},"page":"1212-1221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Old nodes, new tricks: optimized methods for chronic wasting disease prion detection in preserved retropharyngeal lymph nodes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8084-5827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avery","family":"Munster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"H\u00f8y-Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Futures Program, Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9378-5615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madison A.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Futures Program, Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Tomke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Futures Program, Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9560-5621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin D.","family":"Niedringhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Futures Program, Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roderick B.","family":"Gagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Futures Program, Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2795-8545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Gibison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Futures Program, Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.3.439"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1505.081458"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2294"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1903947116"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"194","article-title":"Chronic wasting disease diagnostic discrepancies: the importance of testing both medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes","volume":"57","author":"Bloodgood J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bloodgood J, et al. Chronic wasting disease diagnostic discrepancies: the importance of testing both medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes. J Wildl Dis 2020;57:194\u2013198.","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19336896.2015.1115179"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19336896.2018.1474671"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274531"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-16-0262"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19336896.2020.1832947"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387241285165"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12091396"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01258-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02699-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19336896.2020.1716657"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-022114-111001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens6030035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-003-2283-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228327"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896920913110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R115.651679"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25098"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-94146-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-029X.64299"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19336896.2024.2337981"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.210802"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-432"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1293\/tox.2017-0046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1794-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19336896.2021.1990628"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esaa040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11050489"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274640"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.17.4425"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","unstructured":"Richgels K. Expanding distribution of chronic wasting disease. U.S. Geological Survey [Internet]. [cited 2025 Oct 8]. https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/centers\/nwhc\/science\/expanding-distribution-chronic-wasting-disease"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","first-page":"123","article-title":"Chronic wasting disease in cervids: prevalence, impact and management strategies","volume":"10","author":"Rivera NA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rivera NA, et al. Chronic wasting disease in cervids: prevalence, impact and management strategies. Vet Med (Auckl) 2019;10:123\u2013139.","journal-title":"Vet Med (Auckl)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090710"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40011-014-0308-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12040824"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.42-5-530"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223659"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11020060"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10406387261445902","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10406387261445902","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10406387261445902","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T09:47:13Z","timestamp":1791798433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10406387261445902"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10406387261445902"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10406387261445902","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-6387","1943-4936"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-6387","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-4936","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]}}}