{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T10:44:49Z","timestamp":1791801889563,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Phenobarbital, an anti-seizure medication with a narrow therapeutic window, requires therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for safe and effective use. Lipemia is a well-known interferent in turbidimetric immunoassays, yet its impact on phenobarbital quantification compared with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has not been fully characterized. We evaluated the effect of lipemia on phenobarbital measurement using a particle-enhanced turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay (PETINIA; Dimension Xpand Plus clinical chemistry system, Siemens) versus HPLC. Simulated lipemic plasma was prepared by spiking normal canine plasma with lipid emulsion to achieve predefined lipemia indices. Naturally lipemic TDM samples (index\u2009\u2265\u20094;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200940) and non-lipemic controls (index\u2009\u2264\u20093,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200940) were also analyzed. Phenobarbital concentrations were compared before and after lipid reduction by double microcentrifugation using both methods. HPLC performance was stable across all lipemia indices, with consistent retention times (5.0\u2009min), accuracy and precision within acceptance limits, and high linearity (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00b2\u2009&gt;\u20090.999). In contrast, PETINIA had a significant positive bias in lipemic samples, with median bias increasing from 9.1% at index 1 to 100% at index 6. Bias was significantly higher in naturally lipemic samples (median: 74.5%) compared with non\u2011lipemic controls (1.2%;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). PETINIA and HPLC had strong agreement in non-lipemic samples (Passing\u2013Bablok regression,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.99), but poor agreement and proportional positive bias in lipemic samples (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.16; slope CI [1.01, 1.89]). PETINIA overestimated phenobarbital concentrations in lipemic plasma. Microcentrifugation effectively mitigated lipemic interference and improved agreement with HPLC, supporting the use of microcentrifugation in clinical TDM workflows.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387261448507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T08:05:26Z","timestamp":1780301126000},"page":"1140-1150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of lipemia interference on phenobarbital quantification using particle-enhanced turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay with Dimension clinical chemistry system and comparison to high-performance liquid chromatography"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4971-0938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamoltip","family":"Thungrat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8322-1530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phabpim","family":"Thumarat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3809-457X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex L.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9955-7718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Crisanta","family":"Cruz-Espindola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2014.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638719858690"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-202"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2011.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096228029900800204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.040154"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"70","article-title":"Causes of preanalytical interferences on laboratory immunoassays\u2014a critical review","volume":"31","author":"Caruso B","year":"2020","unstructured":"Caruso B, et al. Causes of preanalytical interferences on laboratory immunoassays\u2014a critical review. EJIFCC 2020;31:70\u201384.","journal-title":"EJIFCC"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2018.38.6.518"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Hemolysis icterus and lipemia\/turbidity indices as indicators of interference in clinical laboratory analysis: approved guideline. 1st ed. CLSI 2012. CLSI document C56-A."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","article-title":"Comparison of lipemia interference created with native lipemic material and intravenous lipid emulsion in emergency laboratory tests","volume":"34","author":"\u00c7olak Samsum E","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u00c7olak Samsum E, et al. Comparison of lipemia interference created with native lipemic material and intravenous lipid emulsion in emergency laboratory tests. 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