{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T10:44:49Z","timestamp":1791801889187,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In 2019, a wild-caught Malayan sun bear (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Helarctos malayanus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), rescued from the illegal pet trade and relocated to the Edinburgh Zoo (UK), was diagnosed with mast cell tumor (MCT) affecting a hindlimb. Surgical excision was performed at the initial site in the tarsal region, with a repeat excision 2\u2009y later following a relapse, without evidence of metastatic spread. In 2023, MCT metastases were detected in the popliteal lymph node and prostate, prompting a novel treatment approach combining prednisolone and toceranib to alleviate the clinical signs. Four months after initiating treatment, the sun bear was euthanized on welfare grounds. The autopsy and histopathology confirmed the presence of a MCT involving the prostate and the popliteal and iliac lymph nodes. An incidental pheochromocytoma was identified in an adrenal gland. MCT and pheochromocytoma in the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ursidae<\/jats:italic>\n                    family, with detailed description of these neoplasms, their microscopic and immunohistochemical features, have not been reported previously, to our knowledge.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387261450594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T12:33:01Z","timestamp":1780057981000},"page":"1314-1318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mast cell tumor and pheochromocytoma in a rescued Malayan sun bear"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4544-2459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Zoo, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2415-6993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phanie M.","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Zoo, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5010-4188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taiana","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Pathology Group, Bristol Business Park, Filton, Bristol, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0495-4592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Cazzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Brazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Zoo, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Girling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Zoo, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"548","volume-title":"Fowler\u2019s Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine: Current Therapy","author":"Arias-Bernal L","unstructured":"Arias-Bernal L, Yarto-Jaramillo E. Medicine of captive Andean bears. In: Miller R, et al eds. Fowler\u2019s Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine: Current Therapy. Vol. 9. Saunders, 2019:548\u2013554."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985816638721"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10070436"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"Crudge B et al. Sun bears: global status review & conservation action plan 2019\u20132028. IUCN SSC Bear Specialist Group\/IUCN SSC Conservation Planning Specialist Group\/Free the Bears\/14TRAFFIC 2019. https:\/\/portals.iucn.org\/library\/sites\/library\/files\/documents\/2019-041-En.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"262","article-title":"Das Auftreten von Tumoren bei Grossb\u00e4ren (Ursidae)\u2014Eine Literatur\u00fcbersicht sowie sechs weitere Fallbeschreibungen","volume":"104","author":"Hellmann J","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hellmann J, et al. Das Auftreten von Tumoren bei Grossb\u00e4ren (Ursidae)\u2014Eine Literatur\u00fcbersicht sowie sechs weitere Fallbeschreibungen [The occurrence of tumors in large bears (Ursidae)\u2014a literature review and six case descriptions]. Berl M\u00fcnch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1991;104:262\u2013268. German.","journal-title":"Berl M\u00fcnch Tierarztl Wochenschr"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"761","volume-title":"Fowler\u2019s Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine: Current Therapy","author":"Kalogeropoulu S","unstructured":"Kalogeropoulu S, Painer-Gigler J. Morbidity and mortality of Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) associated with bile farming. In: Miller R, et al eds. Fowler\u2019s Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine: Current Therapy. Vol. 10. Saunders, 2023:761\u2013768."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"229","volume-title":"Pathology of Wildlife and Zoo Animals","author":"Keel M","unstructured":"Keel M, et al. Canidae, Ursidae, and Ailuridae. In: Terio K, et al., eds. Pathology of Wildlife and Zoo Animals. Academic Press, 2018:229\u2013261."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985810386469"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638712472500"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600000476"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13225"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/03-118.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588402100503"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.d4985"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870401600610"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985810364509"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985814521638"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scotson L et al. Helarctos malayanus (errata version published in 2018). 2018. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T9760A123798233. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T9760A45033547.en","DOI":"10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T9760A45033547.en"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb01808.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.246.7.765"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21825\/vdt.86336"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","unstructured":"Zoological Information Management System (ZIMS) expected test results for [Helarctos malayanus]. 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