{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T10:44:58Z","timestamp":1791801898519,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002906","name":"Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MADR334-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MADR334-2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002906","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">paratuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MAP) prevalence estimates vary widely across Colombian regions, with no prior longitudinal assessment of Colombian dairy systems across ecologic life zones. We assessed the temporal dynamics of MAP infection in Colombian cattle across 6 distinct ecologic life zones and explored age-related differences in MAP detection using combined serologic and molecular approaches. We longitudinally sampled 129 cattle from 6 municipalities in distinct Holdridge life zones. The animals were stratified by age group and sampled 3 times at 2-mo intervals during 2023 (Aug\u2013Dec). Serum and fecal samples were tested by indirect ELISA and IS\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">900<\/jats:italic>\n                    real-time PCR (rtPCR), respectively. The apparent ELISA prevalence remained stable between 37.2% and 38% across sampling rounds (adjusted true prevalence\u2009=\u200929.9%). Seropositivity increased consistently with age, from 11.9% in animals &lt;1-mo-old to 49% in animals \u22653-y-old. All of the fecal samples tested negative by rtPCR. No consistent seroprevalence clustering was observed across ecologic life zones on descriptive assessment, although management and host factors were not evaluated. We found longitudinal evidence of stable, age-related MAP seroprevalence across ecologic zones in Colombia, highlighting subclinical persistence and diagnostic limitations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387261455822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T07:23:53Z","timestamp":1783754633000},"page":"1345-1349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age-related\n                    <i>Mycobacterium avium<\/i>\n                    subsp.\n                    <i>paratuberculosis<\/i>\n                    seroprevalence in Colombian cattle across 6 ecologic life zones"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4819-1515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda","family":"G\u00f3mez Vargas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Tibaitat\u00e1, Corporaci\u00f3n Colombiana de Investigaci\u00f3n Agropecuaria, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6081-8459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jahir O.","family":"Vargas Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Tibaitat\u00e1, Corporaci\u00f3n Colombiana de Investigaci\u00f3n Agropecuaria, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn, Antioquia, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9101-6424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge G.","family":"Noriega M\u00e1rquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n El Nus, Corporaci\u00f3n Colombiana de Investigaci\u00f3n Agropecuaria, San Roque, Antioquia, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8836-8827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalia M.","family":"Correa-Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn, Antioquia, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Ortiz Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Tibaitat\u00e1, Corporaci\u00f3n Colombiana de Investigaci\u00f3n Agropecuaria, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"57","article-title":"Estudio epidemiol\u00f3gico de paratuberculosis bovina en hatos lecheros del sur de Nari\u00f1o, Colombia","volume":"31","author":"Benavides B","year":"2016","unstructured":"Benavides B, et al. Estudio epidemiol\u00f3gico de paratuberculosis bovina en hatos lecheros del sur de Nari\u00f1o, Colombia [Epidemiological study of bovine paratuberculosis in dairy herds of southern Nari\u00f1o, Colombia]. Rev Med Vet (Bogot\u00e1) 2016;31:57\u201366. Spanish.","journal-title":"Rev Med Vet (Bogot\u00e1)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-016-1074-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2019.104739"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22319\/rmcp.v13i3.5776"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2026.106826"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12040447"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"56","article-title":"Paratuberculosis at European scale: an overview from 2010 to 2017","volume":"24","author":"Fanelli A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fanelli A, et al. Paratuberculosis at European scale: an overview from 2010 to 2017. Vet Ital 2020;24:56.","journal-title":"Vet Ital"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/352561"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-014-0656-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","article-title":"Seroprevalencia y factores de riesgos asociados a Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis en bovinos de Villavicencio, Colombia","volume":"34","author":"Guzm\u00e1n-Barrag\u00e1n B","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guzm\u00e1n-Barrag\u00e1n B, et al. Seroprevalencia y factores de riesgos asociados a Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis en bovinos de Villavicencio, Colombia [Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cattle from Villavicencio, Colombia]. Rev Invest Vet Peru 2023;34:e22959. Spanish.","journal-title":"Rev Invest Vet Peru"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.3.489-512.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17151\/vetzo.2017.11.2.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2012.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"284","volume-title":"Paratuberculosis: Organism, Disease, Control","author":"Nielsen SS","unstructured":"Nielsen SS. Immune-based diagnosis of paratuberculosis. In: Behr MA, Collins DM, eds. Paratuberculosis: Organism, Disease, Control. CAB International, 2010:284\u2013293."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845936136.0126"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"104","article-title":"Diagnosis of Johne\u2019s disease: current limitations and prospects","volume":"18","author":"Stevenson K","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stevenson K. Diagnosis of Johne\u2019s disease: current limitations and prospects. 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