{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T10:44:48Z","timestamp":1791801888325,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020912","name":"King Faisal University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["49651"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["49651"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">paratuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MAP) infection in deer causes paratuberculosis (PTb; Johne\u2019s disease), a slowly progressive chronic granulomatous enteritis. Accurate and rapid detection of MAP shedding by subclinical animals is essential for effective control of infection in deer herds. The VetMAX MAP 2.0 qPCR assay targeting IS\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">900<\/jats:italic>\n                    was developed for cattle, sheep, and goats. However, the performance of the assay in sika deer (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cervus nippon<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) has not been evaluated. Here, we describe the use of the VetMAX MAP 2.0 qPCR assay on fecal samples from sika deer for the detection of MAP and its correlation with bacterial culture. DNA was extracted from fecal samples from 115 sika deer with known culture results (79 from a PTb-endemic herd and 36 from a PTb-free herd), using the QIAamp PowerFecal Pro DNA extraction kit. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 100% (76 of 76) and 92.3% (36 of 39), respectively, with an overall accuracy of 97.4% compared with bacterial culture. A strong positive correlation was observed between culture time to detection and the qPCR Cq-value (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.70, area under the curve\u2009=\u20090.96). Our findings offer correlation between bacterial culture and VetMAX MAP 2.0 qPCR assay results in feces of farmed sika deer and highlight the quantitative value of the qPCR assay as a rapid indicator of bacterial load and shedding intensity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387261455839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T04:15:10Z","timestamp":1782879310000},"page":"1341-1344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correlation between bacterial culture and IS\n                    <i>900<\/i>\n                    qPCR to detect\n                    <i>Mycobacterium avium<\/i>\n                    subsp.\n                    <i>paratuberculosis<\/i>\n                    in the feces of sika deer"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1527-5598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasser","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Pathobiology Section, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily A.","family":"Courcier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6944-154X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanne","family":"Jahns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathobiology Section, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2025.110737"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24566"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Datta D. blandr: a Bland-Altman method comparison package for R. Version 0.6.0. 2024. https:\/\/github.com\/deepankardatta\/blandr"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2010.04905.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.1.287-291.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2006.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.3.489-512.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-8-49"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870601800504"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15897"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-72"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638719873028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03233-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","unstructured":"Posit Team. RStudio: integrated development environment for R. Posit Software 2025. https:\/\/posit.co\/products\/open-source\/rstudio"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","unstructured":"Revelle W. psych: procedures for psychological psychometric and personality research. R package v.2.5.6. Northwestern University 2025. https:\/\/personality-project.org\/r\/psych\/psych-manual.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638713505587"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(00)00324-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wickham H. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag 2016.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","unstructured":"Wickham H et al. dplyr: a grammar of data manipulation. 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