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Histologic evaluation of a mammary biopsy revealed a densely cellular, infiltrative neoplasm with cells arranged in packets supported by thin stroma. In a neuroendocrine immunohistochemistry panel, the neoplastic cells did not immunolabel for neuron-specific enolase or synaptophysin, positively immunolabeled for chromogranin A, and had moderate scattered immunolabeling for S100. These findings confirmed a diagnosis of mammary neuroendocrine tumor. Although the cells also did not immunolabel for cytokeratin, we cannot rule out a neuroendocrine carcinoma. Neuroendocrine mammary neoplasms are very rare and, to our knowledge, they have not been reported previously in horses. This neoplasm should be considered as a differential diagnosis for mammary tumors in mares.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387261456253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T05:25:23Z","timestamp":1783142723000},"page":"1267-1271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mammary neuroendocrine tumor in a mare"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Ryan","family":"Jordan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Roa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Santonastaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0681-1878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco A.","family":"Uzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, San Bernardino Branch, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California\u2013Davis, Davis, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4150-6393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588201900112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-5379(88)90190-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdg279"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0143-4160(91)90040-L"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03009858241226650"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2011.642618"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"725","volume-title":"Tumors in Domestic Animals","author":"Goldschmit M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Goldschmit M, et al. 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