{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T10:44:54Z","timestamp":1791801894132,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016182","name":"universidade federal de mato grosso do sul","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de aperfei\u00e7oamento de pessoal de n\u00edvel superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"conselho nacional de desenvolvimento cient\u00edfico e tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Free-living amebas such as\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Balamuthia mandrillaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Naegleria fowleri<\/jats:italic>\n                    can cause infections in humans and animals. Here, we describe 2 cases of meningoencephalitis and an outbreak of multisystemic disease caused by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. in cattle from Central-Western Brazil. Within 3\u2009d of onset, 2 adult cattle from 2 different herds developed acute neurologic signs, including incoordination progressing to flaccid paralysis, opisthotonos, recumbency, and spontaneous death (case 1), and blindness, behavioral alterations, and flaccid paralysis leading to euthanasia (case 2). In a separate herd, 2 of 11 calves died within 5\u2009d of developing lethargy and incoordination and were autopsied (cases 3, 4). On gross examination, the brains of all 4 cases and the cervicothoracic spinal cord of case 3 had red-brown areas of malacia and cavitation. Case 3 also had myriad firm, white, spherical nodules in the kidneys; case 4 had numerous firm, white lung nodules. Histologically, all animals had multifocal necrosis with granulomatous inflammation and numerous amebic trophozoites and cysts in the CNS. Lesions also included pyogranulomatous pneumonia, nephritis, myocarditis, and splenitis. Immunohistochemistry and PCR, followed by sequencing, confirmed\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. infection in all 4 cases. To our knowledge,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp.\u2013associated encephalitis and multisystemic disease have not been reported previously in cattle.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387261462864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T05:16:56Z","timestamp":1784092616000},"page":"1361-1365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Meningoencephalitis and systemic infection by\n                    <i>Acanthamoeba<\/i>\n                    sp. in cattle in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7414-9965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa L.","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno S.","family":"Rezende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rayane C.","family":"Pupin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert P. K.","family":"Cleveland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos N.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo A. A.","family":"Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0681-1878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco A.","family":"Uzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California\u2013Davis, San Bernardino, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danilo C.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/20460227"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760210373"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870501700617"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"31","article-title":"Pulmonary lesions in an Indian buffalo associated with Acanthamoeba sp","volume":"5","author":"Dwivedi JN","year":"1965","unstructured":"Dwivedi JN, Singh CM. Pulmonary lesions in an Indian buffalo associated with Acanthamoeba sp. Indian J Microbiol 1965;5:31\u201334.","journal-title":"Indian J Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2015000200011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"114","article-title":"Fatal encephalitis in cattle associated with Acanthamoeba infection in Egypt","volume":"36","author":"Gomaa N","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gomaa N, et al. Fatal encephalitis in cattle associated with Acanthamoeba infection in Egypt. 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