{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T10:44:55Z","timestamp":1791801895375,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Histotoxic clostridial infections occur when clostridial spores germinate in anaerobic tissue environments and release a variety of extracellular toxins, causing necrosis, secondary inflammation, and often death. These infections are seen in humans and animals, especially ruminants and horses, but are rare in dogs. An 11-y-old, intact male Border Collie-cross dog was inappetent and lethargic after abdominal blunt-force trauma. Clinical examination and imaging revealed a splenic mass containing gas and an abdominal effusion, identified cytologically as a neutrophilic exudate. At splenectomy, an area on the anti-hilar surface of the mass was abscessed, with inspissated material on the mass surface and in the omentum. Histopathology identified a splenic liposarcoma with areas of necrosis, suppuration, emphysema, and colonization by large gram-positive bacilli. These were identified as\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Clostridium perfringens<\/jats:italic>\n                    by immunohistochemistry. The bacteria are presumed to have translocated from the bowel and germinated in a region of tumor necrosis secondary to traumatic ischemia. To our knowledge, gas gangrene has not been reported previously within a visceral tumor in a dog.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387261465363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T06:47:31Z","timestamp":1785394051000},"page":"1357-1360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Clostridium perfringens<\/i>\n                    gas gangrene in a canine splenic liposarcoma"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7833-6028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael R.","family":"Hardcastle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Idexx Laboratories, Hamilton, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmine","family":"Messiaen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Specialists Aotearoa, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0681-1878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco A.","family":"Uzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California\u2013Davis, San Bernardino, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12941"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2007.00471.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1974.tb06530.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985816653989"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.13112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638720905830"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.73.1.112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0024-2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638719886567"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2012.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638719877844"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"349","article-title":"An unusual necrotic myositis by Clostridium perfringens in a German Shepherd dog: a clinical report, bacteriological and molecular identification","volume":"6","author":"Sedigh HS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sedigh HS, et al. An unusual necrotic myositis by Clostridium perfringens in a German Shepherd dog: a clinical report, bacteriological and molecular identification. Vet Res Forum 2015;6:349\u2013353.","journal-title":"Vet Res Forum"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387221079066"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","article-title":"Gas gangrene of the spleen caused by Clostridium perfringens after mild blunt trauma","volume":"16","author":"Takeuchi A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Takeuchi A, et al. Gas gangrene of the spleen caused by Clostridium perfringens after mild blunt trauma. Cureus 2024;16:e57429.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.13.168"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10406387261465363","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10406387261465363","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10406387261465363","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T09:48:16Z","timestamp":1791798496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10406387261465363"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10406387261465363"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10406387261465363","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-6387","1943-4936"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-6387","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-4936","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]}}}