{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T10:44:42Z","timestamp":1791801882795,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012429","name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PG002170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG002170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012429","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    During the 2020\u20132021 irruption year, pine siskins (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Spinus pinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) experienced widespread mortality across North America, attributed to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    serovar Typhimurium. In March 2021, 3 pine siskins were admitted to the Louisiana State University Wildlife Hospital (Baton Rouge, LA, USA) because of lethargy, respiratory distress, diarrhea, and inability to fly. All birds died on or shortly after presentation. Postmortem examination revealed necrotizing and granulomatous esophagitis (3), hepatitis (3), splenitis (2), enteritis (1), cloacitis (1), and stomatitis\/rhinitis (1) with intralesional gram-negative bacilli. Immunohistochemistry revealed abundant extracellular and intracellular\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. lipopolysaccharide antigen in affected organs.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Typhimurium was isolated from livers (3), cloacal swabs (2), and a spleen (1). One case had concurrent trichomonosis with erosive pharyngitis and necrotizing esophagitis. These cases are a subset of the larger 2020\u20132021 salmonellosis outbreak in passerines and are among the few reported from Louisiana.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387261470796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T13:32:35Z","timestamp":1786541555000},"page":"1330-1335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Systemic salmonellosis in 3 pine siskins from Louisiana during the 2020\u20132021 songbird mortality event"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Hiba","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2192-7051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emi","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA"},{"name":"Departments of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA"},{"name":"Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria S.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Vyhnal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Paulsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA"},{"name":"Departments of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3864-5915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariano","family":"Carossino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA"},{"name":"Departments of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0202-7664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeongha","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA"},{"name":"Departments of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icaf005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-34.3.590"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention U.S (CDC). Investigating Salmonella and wild songbirds. CDC 2024. [cited 2026 June 6] https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/one-health\/php\/stories\/investigating-salmonella-and-wild-songbirds-a-one-health-approach.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"54","article-title":"Salmonellosis in songbirds in the Canadian Atlantic provinces during winter-summer 1997\u201398","volume":"41","author":"Daoust PY","year":"2000","unstructured":"Daoust PY, et al. Salmonellosis in songbirds in the Canadian Atlantic provinces during winter-summer 1997\u201398. 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