{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:42:53Z","timestamp":1777930973195,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,4,1]],"date-time":"1989-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":607392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Four lots of conjugate were evaluated for optimal dilution and degree of fluorescence produced with reference cultures and bovine and porcine leptospira isolates. One lot that uniformly produced better fluorescence was evaluated for sensitivity and specificity with reference cultures, isolates, culture-positive tissues, and 13 other bacterial species. Further evaluation of the conjugates was done with bovine, porcine, and ovine specimens submitted to a diagnostic laboratory. Leptospires were detected with the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) in 9 of 21 culture-positive bovine kidneys and were detected in diluted cultures when present at concentrations of 10\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    -1O\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    organisms\/ml. With the exception of Treponema hyodysenteriae, FAT's of other bacterial cultures produced minimal fluorescence or were negative. Positives were characterized by moderate to brilliant fluorescence of typical cell forms, and most nonspecific fluorescence was eliminated with a flazo-orange counter-stain. The results indicated that the FAT utilizing multivalent conjugates could be used successfully as an additional method for diagnosis of leptospira infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/104063878900100210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,12]],"date-time":"2011-05-12T16:10:00Z","timestamp":1305216600000},"page":"146-149","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Evaluation of Multivalent Leptospira Fluorescent Antibody Conjugates for General Diagnostic Use"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"David A.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clyde A.","family":"Kirkbride","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-104063878900100210","first-page":"299","volume":"25","author":"Boulanger P","year":"1961","journal-title":"Can J Comp Med Vet Sci"},{"key":"bibr2-104063878900100210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.25.6.976-980.1973"},{"key":"bibr3-104063878900100210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10520297109067874"},{"key":"bibr4-104063878900100210","first-page":"570","volume":"22","author":"Dacres WG","year":"1961","journal-title":"Am J Vet 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