{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:43:30Z","timestamp":1777931010745,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,4,1]],"date-time":"1991-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":670464000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Three biological properties of canine distemper virus were examined to determine if any would consistently differentiate field from vaccine strains of the virus. The properties were the ability to (1) infect macrophages and epithelial cells, (2) produce distinct cytopathologic effect in alveolar and peritoneal macrophages and Vero cells, and (3) produce pocks on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs. Four vaccine strains and 5 field isolates were used in the study. The 5 field isolates were obtained directly from canine tissues. Of the 3 properties studied, only the comparison of the ability of the viruses to infect macrophages and epithelial cells was a consistent marker of virus origin. Virulent field isolates would only infect macrophage cultures, whereas the vaccine strains infected both types of cells. One avirulent field isolate from a case of old dog encephalitis reacted more like a vaccine strain by infecting both cell types.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879100300204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,12]],"date-time":"2011-05-12T16:10:00Z","timestamp":1305216600000},"page":"127-132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparison of in Vitro Replication and Cytopathology Caused by Strains of Canine Distemper Virus of Vaccine and Field Origin"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Mary B.","family":"Evans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Science and Technology, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA 50010"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas O.","family":"Bunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Science and Technology, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA 50010"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard T.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Ames, IA 50011"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth B.","family":"Platt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Ames, IA 50011"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-104063879100300204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-41-2-385"},{"key":"bibr2-104063879100300204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.11.4.835-844.1975"},{"key":"bibr3-104063879100300204","first-page":"741","volume":"36","author":"Confer AW","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"bibr4-104063879100300204","first-page":"45","volume":"112","author":"Corwell HJC","year":"1988","journal-title":"Vet Ret"},{"key":"bibr5-104063879100300204","first-page":"699","volume-title":"Manual of standardized methods for veterinary microbiology","author":"Cottral GC","year":"1978"},{"key":"bibr6-104063879100300204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098587401100403"},{"key":"bibr7-104063879100300204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms1939.48.259"},{"key":"bibr8-104063879100300204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krakowka S, Axthelm MK, Johnson CG: 1985, Canine distemper virus. Irz: Comparative pathobiology of viral diseases, ed. Olsen RG, Krakowka S, Blakeslee JR, vol. 2, pp. 137\u2013164. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429286643-8"},{"key":"bibr9-104063879100300204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(71)90054-5"},{"key":"bibr10-104063879100300204","first-page":"144","volume":"71","author":"Whetstone CA","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cornell Vet"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/104063879100300204","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/104063879100300204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:31:34Z","timestamp":1777681894000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/104063879100300204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,4]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/104063879100300204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/104063879100300204","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-6387","1943-4936"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-6387","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-4936","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,4]]}}}