{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:10:13Z","timestamp":1787019013335,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,1]],"date-time":"1998-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":899251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J VET Diagn Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Twenty-five syndactylous Angus cattle, characterized pathologically, were reported from 16 herds in 10 states from 1979 to 1994. Twenty-one (84%) had all 4 legs syndactylous, 3 (12%) had 3 legs syndactylous, and 1 (4%) had 2 legs syndactylous. All syndactylous cattle walked with considerable difficulty. Hooves of aged animals became curled and bent laterally or medially. Affected hooves had the appearance of a truncated cone, the base of which was located at the coronary band. Most hooves were fused completely with no indication of dual anlage. An occasional hoof had a distal notch, and other hooves had a dorsally located groove indicating dual embryonic origin. Lateral dewclaws were enlarged in most cases. Radiographs and dissections of limbs of 19 animals revealed a consistent pattern of fusion in most affected calves. Lesions included 1 or more of the following: disappearance of the large metacarpal and metatarsal intertrochlear notches, horizontal fusion of 1 or more carpals and tarsals, fusion of proximal sesamoids, 1 distal sesamoid, and fusion of paired phalanges. Evidence of a genetic cause consisted of 11 syndactylous calves among 70 offspring of 4 3\/4 sib families, 8 preterm syndactylous fetuses among 148 preterm fetuses and 13 calves in progenies of 19 animals tested for possible heterozygosity, and 5 syndactylous calves from matings of an Angus syndactylous bull with 1 Angus and 4 Holstein syndactylous cows. Data were consistent with recessive inheritance at a single locus. Angus cattle with sydactytly had a larger number of affected limbs than did syndactylous Holsteins and their Angus crosses, suggesting existence of 2 recessive alleles. The allele of Holsteins ( sy\n                    <jats:sup>H<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) appeared to influence phenotypic expression in a dominant pattern over the Angus allele ( sy\n                    <jats:sup>A<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Both sy\n                    <jats:sup>A<\/jats:sup>\n                    and sy\n                    <jats:sup>H<\/jats:sup>\n                    alleles acted as reccessives to the normal SY allele. Phenotypic effects on limb development were most dramatic in calves with the sy\n                    <jats:sup>A<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/ sy\n                    <jats:sup>A<\/jats:sup>\n                    genotype.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879801000304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,12]],"date-time":"2011-05-12T16:18:45Z","timestamp":1305217125000},"page":"247-254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Hereditary Syndactyly in Angus Cattle"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"H. W.","family":"Leipold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. L.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. J.","family":"Steffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. G. E.","family":"Vestweber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Huston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-104063879801000304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(69)86767-6"},{"key":"bibr2-104063879801000304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(69)86768-8"},{"key":"bibr3-104063879801000304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(69)86769-X"},{"key":"bibr4-104063879801000304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(80)90017-5"},{"key":"bibr5-104063879801000304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(81)80047-7"},{"key":"bibr6-104063879801000304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a106217"},{"key":"bibr7-104063879801000304","first-page":"251","volume":"19","author":"Gr\u00fcneberg H","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Embryol Exp Morphol"},{"key":"bibr8-104063879801000304","unstructured":"Hart-Elcock L: 1985, Pathogenetic studies of syndactyly in Holstein cattle. 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