{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:34:21Z","timestamp":1792787661810,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"15-16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deutsche Krebshilfe","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01wxdd722","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Gene Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Adoptive immunotherapies have emerged as a promising strategy in the treatment of hematological malignancies. To date, seven chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell products have obtained market authorization in Europe for B-cell malignancies, where they have revolutionized treatment for eligible patients. In addition, natural killer (NK) cells and \u03b3\u03b4 T cells are of particular interest for cell-based therapies due to their strong intrinsic cytotoxicity and favorable safety profile. Addressing challenges facing the clinical translation of NK cell therapies was one of the issues discussed in the NK &amp; ILC Symposium that took place in Freiburg, Germany from March 11 to 13, 2026, as the annual meeting of the NK &amp; ILC study group of the German Society for Immunology (DGfI). Topics ranging from basic immunological research to technological innovations and clinical trial results were discussed during the 3-day conference, spanning over 40 presentations and 100 posters. A highlight of the conference was a workshop featuring short presentations and a panel discussion that focused specifically on the current challenges and future prospects of the clinical implementation of NK cell therapies; the findings of this workshop are summarized in this opinion paper.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10430342261468974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T09:36:26Z","timestamp":1785749786000},"page":"691-701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Accelerating Translation of NK Cell Therapies to the Clinic: A European Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7734-7559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lea Rebecca","family":"Knapp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Immunology and Cell Therapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Freiburg, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina Sophie","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Immunology and Cell Therapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Freiburg, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janika","family":"Sosat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Francisco","family":"Villena-Ossa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Freiburg, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"Kluge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Immunology and Cell Therapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Schmiedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Kuball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"Dolstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Minguet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Signaling Research Center CIBSS and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatjana I.","family":"Cornu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7757-4630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toni","family":"Cathomen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Freiburg, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evren","family":"Alici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Huddinge), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"O\u2019Dwyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winfried Stephan","family":"Wels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl-Johan","family":"Malmberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Huddinge), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"The Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, The Institute of Clinical Medicine, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medicine (Huddinge), Center of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rizwan","family":"Romee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Vivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, INSERM, Centre d\u2019Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, France"},{"name":"Gustave Roussy, INSERM, Pr\u00e9dicteurs Mol\u00e9culaires et Nouvelles Cibles en Oncologie, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8159-9160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrike","family":"K\u00f6hl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG) Leipzig-Jena, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelheid","family":"Cerwenka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), ECAS, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany"},{"name":"DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center, Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8530-1192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelyn","family":"Ullrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Immunology and Cell Therapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Freiburg, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Frankfurt\/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","unstructured":"1.European Medicines Agency (EMA). Aucatzyl. European Medicines Agency (EMA); 2025. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/aucatzyl"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","unstructured":"2.European Medicines Agency (EMA). Abecma. European Medicines Agency (EMA); 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/abecma"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","unstructured":"3.European Medicines Agency (EMA). Breyanzi. European Medicines Agency (EMA); 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/breyanzi"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","unstructured":"4.European Medicines Agency (EMA). Kymriah. European Medicines Agency (EMA); 2018. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/kymriah"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","unstructured":"5.European Medicines Agency (EMA). Tecartus. European Medicines Agency (EMA); 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/tecartus"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","unstructured":"6.European Medicines Agency (EMA). Yescarta. European Medicines Agency (EMA); 2018. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/yescarta"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","unstructured":"7.European Medicines Agency (EMA). Carvykti. European Medicines Agency (EMA); 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/carvykti"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00459-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13061481"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-1491"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01723-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-025-00830-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202451074"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-010-0904-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","unstructured":"15.Natural Killer Cell Symposium. Home | The annual meeting of the study group NK cells of the German Society for Immunology. Available from: https:\/\/nk-symposium.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","unstructured":"16.DGFI. DGFI \u2013 Offizielle homepage der deutschen gesellschaft f\u00fcr immunologie. DGFI; 2018. Available from: https:\/\/dgfi.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","unstructured":"17.DGFI. AK NK-zellen und ILCs. DGFI; 2023. Available from: https:\/\/dgfi.org\/arbeitskreise\/ak-nk-zellen-und-ilcs\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","unstructured":"18.Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius-Stiftung. Translatorik \u2013 ForTra. Available from: https:\/\/ekfs.de\/wissenschaftliche-foerderung\/Translatorik-ForTra"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","unstructured":"19.Oncode Accelerator. Innovating and accelerating the development of new cancer therapies to address unmet medical needs. Oncode Accelerator; 2026. Available from: https:\/\/www.oncodeaccelerator.nl\/innovating-and-accelerating-development-new-cancer-therapies-address-unmet-medical-needs"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","unstructured":"20.Burger M. Multicenter open label phase I study of intracranial injection of NK-92\/5.28.z cells in patients with recurrent HER2-positive glioblastoma. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT03383978"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00533"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-017-2055-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djv375"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noad087"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2014.219"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2026.102167"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noae144.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2025.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","unstructured":"29.Radboud University Medical Center. Intraperitoneal infusion of Ex vivo-cultured allogeneic NK cells in recurrent ovarian carcinoma patients (a phase I study). 2024. Available from: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT03539406"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2025.2563099"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-025-01072-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80436-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-025-01581-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2025.102400"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32866-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41434-024-00454-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26030965"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.162"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2013.00118"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2015.1115178"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-07-2974"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13112673"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-005577"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-04-419283"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02655-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46.Porter R. A phase 1b study of Cytokine-Induced Memory Like (CIML) Natural Killer (NK) cell therapy in recurrent ovarian cancer. 2026. Available from: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06321484","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2025-SITC2025.0547"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","unstructured":"47.Shapiro R. A phase 1 trial of CIML NK cell infusion for myeloid disease relapse after hematopoietic cell transplantation. 2025. Available from: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04024761"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","unstructured":"48.Chen E. A phase 1 study of Cytokine-Induced Memory-like (CIML) NK cells with venetoclax as consolidation therapy in AML. 2026. Available from: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06152809"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","unstructured":"49.Biohaven Pharmaceuticals Inc. A phase 1 study of autologous memory-like Natural Killer (NK) cell immunotherapy with BHV-1100 and IVIG followed by low dose IL-2 as early post-autologous transplant consolidation in minimal residual disease positive Multiple Myeloma (MM) patients in first or second remission. 2025. Available from: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04634435"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_1","unstructured":"50.Hanna GJ. A phase 1 trial of CTLA-4 inhibition with or without cetuximab and in combination with memory-like Natural Killer (NK) cell immune cell therapy in advanced head and; neck cancer. 2026. Available from: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04290546"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"51.Xu W. A phase 0 pilot study of memory-like Natural Killer (NK) cell immune therapy in patients with renal cell carcinoma or urothelial carcinoma. 2026. Available from: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06318871","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyaf276.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI154334"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-025-01669-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-212362"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3470"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2020.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020007748"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-004244"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab686"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2022.2081415"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52388-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-023-02180-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26683-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_1","unstructured":"65.Vycellix. Universal cells. Available from: https:\/\/vycellix.com\/universal-cells-2026\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_1","unstructured":"66.Vycellix. Tumor-activated engagers (VY-GAGE). Available from: https:\/\/vycellix.com\/tumor-activated-engagers\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_1","article-title":"Targeting BCMA in multiple myeloma with a trifunctional NK cell engager","volume":"7","author":"Tang A","year":"2026","unstructured":"67.Tang A, et al. Targeting BCMA in multiple myeloma with a trifunctional NK cell engager. Cell Rep Med 2026;7.","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01626-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100783"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adp3720"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-1456"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_1","unstructured":"72.Innate Pharma. Welcome to innate pharma. Available from: https:\/\/www.innate-pharma.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14796694.2024.2354160"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-025-01229-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-019-1089-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-96376-7_10"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105181"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.70096_861"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115896"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-150731"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2025-014199"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000524"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-02077-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102975"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01965"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2004.07.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1068440"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13384"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.06.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-21-2931"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_92_1","unstructured":"91.Sana Biotechnology. A phase 1 study evaluating SC291 a hypoimmune allogeneic CD19-directed CAR T cell therapy in relapsed and\/or refractory B-cell malignancies (ARDENT). 2025. Available from: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05878184"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2014.1002720"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14161252"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4933-3-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02785-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-019-00528-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031107"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2025.03.403"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.561553"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2025.2546443"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2024.155120"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01535-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.50928"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2015.1046430"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2024.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-023-00521-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-07-234211"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2025-012988"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2024012992"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.10.014"}],"container-title":["Human Gene Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10430342261468974","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10430342261468974","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10430342261468974","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:15:52Z","timestamp":1791432952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10430342261468974"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15-16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10430342261468974"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10430342261468974","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-0342","1557-7422"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-0342","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7422","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]}}}