{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T02:02:11Z","timestamp":1792634531531,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]],"date-time":"2024-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733616000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]],"date-time":"2024-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Transcult Nurs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Globally, health care organizations need to provide quality, culturally congruent health care to increasingly diverse patients. Nursing education institutions must therefore produce culturally competent nursing professionals to provide safe and culturally congruent care. This review aimed to identify and outline strategies to enhance cultural competence of undergraduate nursing students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The integrative literature review followed the five steps of Lubbe et al. searching the university Libguides, EBSCOhost, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for literature published between 2014 and 2023 that met the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality was ensured through the John Hopkins Evidence-based Appraisal Tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five themes emerged as strategies that can enhance cultural competence for nursing students: integrating cultural competence into undergraduate nursing curriculum, cultural immersion, innovative pedagogical approaches, role of nurse educators, and students\u2019 assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings provide nurse educators with evidence-based information on strategies to enhance cultural competence of undergraduate nursing students at nursing education institutions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10436596241301407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:58:27Z","timestamp":1733705907000},"page":"412-428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Enhancing Cultural Competence in Undergraduate Nursing Students: An Integrative Literature Review of Strategies for Institutions of Higher Education"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5940-6222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khumoetsile Daphney","family":"Shopo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vistolina","family":"Nuuyoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard","family":"Chihururu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ald\u00e9n-Joyce T. Mattson J. Scheers-Andersson E. Kidayi P. Rogathi J. Cadstedt J. Bj\u00f6rling G. (2023). Tanzanian nursing students\u2019 experiences of student exchange in Sweden\u2014A qualitative case study. SAGE Open Nursing 9 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23779608231160923","DOI":"10.1177\/23779608231160923"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almutairi A. F. Adlan A. A. Nasim M. (2017). Perceptions of the critical cultural competence of registered nurses in Canada. BMC Nursing 16(1) 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12912-017-0242-2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-017-0242-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almutairi A. F. McCarthy A. Gardner G. E. (2015). Understanding cultural competence in a multicultural nursing workforce: Registered nurses\u2019 experience in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Transcultural Nursing 26(1) 16\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1043659614523992","DOI":"10.1177\/1043659614523992"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ant\u00f3n-Solanas I. Hu\u00e9rcanos-Esparza I. Hamam-Alcober N. Vanceulebroeck V. Dehaes S. Kalkan I. K\u00f6m\u00fcrc\u00fc N. Coelho M. Coelho T. Casa-Nova A. Cordeiro R. Ram\u00f3n-Arbu\u00e9s E. Moreno-Gonz\u00e1lez S. Tambo-Lizalde E. (2021). Nursing lecturers\u2019 perception and experience of teaching cultural competence: A European qualitative study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18031357","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18031357"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ant\u00f3n-Solanas I. Tambo-Lizalde E. Hamam-Alcober N. Vanceulebroeck V. Dehaes S. Kalkan I. K\u00f6m\u00fcrc\u00fc N. Coelho M. Coelho T. Nova A. C. Cordeiro R. Sagarra-Romero L. Subir\u00f3n-Valera A. B. Hu\u00e9rcanos-Esparza I. (2021). Nursing students\u2019 experience of learning cultural competence. PLOS ONE 16(12) 1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0259802","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259802"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antwi F. Osei S. Peprah W. Antwi M. Antwi E. (2019). The integration of intercultural competence in innovative pedagogical methodology in nursing education. Abstract Proceedings International Scholars Conference 7(1) 193\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35974\/isc.v7i1.944","DOI":"10.35974\/isc.v7i1.944"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braun V. Clarke V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3(2) 77\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Byrne D. (2020). Evaluating cultural competence in undergraduate nursing students using standardized patients. Teaching and Learning in Nursing 15(1) 57\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.teln.2019.08.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.teln.2019.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campinha-Bacote J. (2002). The process of cultural competence in the delivery of healthcare services: A model of care. Journal of Transcultural Nursing 13(3) 181\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10459602013003003","DOI":"10.1177\/10459602013003003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen H. C. Jensen F. Measom G. Nichols N. D. (2018). Evaluating student cultural competence in an associate in science in nursing program. Teaching and Learning in Nursing 13(3) 161\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.teln.2018.03.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.teln.2018.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi J. S. Kim J. S. (2018). Effects of cultural education and cultural experiences on the cultural competence among undergraduate nursing students. Nurse Education in Practice 29 159\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nepr.2018.01.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2018.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung S. Jarvill M. (2019). Improving nursing student cultural competence: Comparing simulation to case-based learning. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 9(7) 128\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5430\/jnep.v9n7p128","DOI":"10.5430\/jnep.v9n7p128"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cross R. Bone E. Ampt P. Bell T. Quinnell R. Gongora J. (2020). Cultural competence and the higher education sector. In Frawley J. Russell G. Sherwood J. (Eds.) Cultural competence and the higher education sector: Australian perspectives policies and practices (pp. 255\u2013275). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-15-5362-2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-5362-2_14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cruz J. P. Estacio J. C. Bagtang C. E. Colet P. C. (2016). Predictors of cultural competence among nursing students in the Philippines: A cross-sectional study. Nurse Education Today 46 121\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nedt.2016.09.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2016.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Curtis M. Bultas M. Green L. (2016). Enhancing cultural competency. Online Journal of Cultural Competence in Nursing and Healthcare 6(1) 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9730\/ojccnh.org\/v6n1a1","DOI":"10.9730\/ojccnh.org\/v6n1a1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","volume-title":"Johns Hopkins evidence-based practice for nurses and healthcare professionals: Model and guidelines","author":"Dang D.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dang D., Dearholt S., Bissett K., Ascenzi J., Whalen M. (2022). Johns Hopkins evidence-based practice for nurses and healthcare professionals: Model and guidelines. (4th ed.) Sigma Theta Tau International.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Day L. Beard K. (2019). Meaningful inclusion of diverse voices: The case for culturally responsive teaching in nursing education. Journal of Professional Nursing 35(4) 277\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.profnurs.2019.01.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.profnurs.2019.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Developing intercultural competence by participating in intensive intercultural service-learning","volume":"21","author":"De Leon N","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Leon N. (2014). Developing intercultural competence by participating in intensive intercultural service-learning. Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning, 21, 17\u201330.","journal-title":"Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donough G. (2022). Designing theoretical assessments at nursing higher education institutions: A scoping review. South African Journal of Higher Education 36(2) 79\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20853\/36-2-4699","DOI":"10.20853\/36-2-4699"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emrani M. Khoshnood Z. Farokhzadian J. Sadeghi M. (2024). The effect of service-based learning on health education competencies of students in community health nursing internships. BMC Nursing 23(1) 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12912-024-01799-y","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-024-01799-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farokhzadian J. Nematollahi M. Nayeri N. D. (2022). Using a model to design implement and evaluate a training program for improving cultural competence among undergraduate nursing students: A mixed methods study. BMC Nursing 21(85) 1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12912-022-00849-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-022-00849-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fung J. Chan S. Takemura H. Chiu H. Huang H. Lee J. Preechawong S. Yuel M. Sun M. Xia W. Xiao J. Lin C. (2023). Virtual simulation and problem-based learning enhance perceived clinical and cultural competence of nursing students in Asia: A randomized controlled cross-over study. Nurse Education Today 123 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nedt.2023.105721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2023.105721"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garneau A. B. Pepin J. (2015). A constructivist theoretical proposition of cultural competence development in nursing. Nurse Education Today 35(11) 1062\u20131068. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nedt.2015.05.019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2015.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gradellini C. G\u00f3mez-Cantarino S. Dominguez-Isabel P. Molina-Gallego B. Mecugni D. Ugarte-Gurrutxaga M. I. (2021). Cultural competence and cultural sensitivity education in university nursing courses: A scoping review. Frontiers in Psychology 12 Article 682920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.682920","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.682920"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Granel N. Leyva-Moral J. M. Morris J. \u0160\u00e1tekov\u00e1 L. Grosemans J. Bernabeu-Tamayo M. D. (2021). Student\u2019s satisfaction and intercultural competence development from a short study abroad programs: A multiple cross-sectional study. Nurse Education in Practice 50 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nepr.2020.102926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2020.102926"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ho T. T. T. Oh J. (2022). Development and evaluation of cultural competence course on undergraduate nursing students in Vietnam. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19(2) 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19020888","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19020888"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hovland O. J. Johannessen B. (2020). Nursing students develop cultural competence during student exchanges in Tanzania. Sykepleien Forskning 13 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4220\/sykepleienf.2018.73782en","DOI":"10.4220\/Sykepleienf.2018.73782en"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"James L. Al-Kofahy L. (2021). Cultivating cultural competence through academic community engagement and clinical reflection. Journal of Transcultural Nursing 32(5) 623\u2013629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1043659620971699","DOI":"10.1177\/1043659620971699"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeffreys M.R. (2019). Evidence-based updates and universal utility of Jeffreys\u2019 cultural competence and confidence framework for nursing education (and beyond) through TIME. Annual Review of Nursing Research 37(1) 43\u2013117. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1891\/0739-6686.37.43","DOI":"10.1891\/0739-6686.37.1.43"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kessler T. A. Kost G. C. (2021). An innovative approach for using cross-cultural collaborative simulation during undergraduate nursing study abroad exchanges. Clinical Simulation in Nursing 61 14\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecns.2021.09.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecns.2021.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kohlbry P. W. (2016). The impact of international service-learning on nursing students\u2019 cultural competency. Journal of Nursing Scholarship 48(3) 303\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnu.12209","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12209"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin C. J. Chang P. Rong Wang L. H. Huang M. C. (2015). Cultural competence course for nursing students in Taiwan: A longitudinal study. Nurse Education Today 35(12) 1268\u20131274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nedt.2015.05.023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2015.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lubbe W. Ham-Baloyi W. t. Smit K. (2020). The integrative literature review as a research method: A demonstration review of research on neurodevelopmental supportive care in preterm infants. Journal of Neonatal Nursing 26(6) 308\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnn.2020.04.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnn.2020.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Majnoon S. Yates V. M. Asgarpour H. Mirza Aghazadeh Attari A. Lotfi M. (2023). Cultural competence of nursing educators at medical universities of 2nd regional planning in Iran. BMC Medical Education 23(1) 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-023-04274-5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-023-04274-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","unstructured":"Mhlongo T. P. (2016). Cultural competency in South Africa: A nursing education perspective. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences 6(16) 135\u2013145. www.iiste.org"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mula T. Azuri P. Baumann S. L. (2023). Nursing cultural competence in Israel: Does practice make it better? Nursing Science Quarterly 36(1) 78\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08943184221131968","DOI":"10.1177\/08943184221131968"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munn Z. Tafanaru C. Aromataris E. (2014). Data extraction and synthesis: The steps following study selection in a systematic review. The Joana Briggs Institute. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.naj.0000451683.66447.89","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000451683.66447.89"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ndiwane A. Koul O. Theroux R. (2014). Implementing standardized patients to teach cultural competency to graduate nursing students. Clinical Simulation in Nursing 10(2) e87\u2013e94. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecns.2013.07.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecns.2013.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noble A. Nuszen E. Rom M. Noble L. M. (2014). The effect of a cultural competence educational intervention for first-year nursing students in Israel. Journal of Transcultural Nursing 25(1) 87\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1043659613503881","DOI":"10.1177\/1043659613503881"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nuuyoma V. Muvumwaeni S. Chihururu L. (2024). Transcultural nursing: A qualitative analysis of nursing students\u2019 experiences in a multicultural context in North-Eastern Namibia. BMC Nursing 23 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12912-024-01773-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-024-01773-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nyaloko M. Lubbe W. Moloko-Phiri S. S. Shopo K. D. (2023). Exploring cultural determinants to be integrated into preterm infant care in the neonatal intensive care unit: An integrative literature review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 23 Article 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-022-05321-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-05321-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien E. O\u2019Donnell C. Murphy J. O\u2019Brien B. Markey K. (2021). Intercultural readiness of nursing students: An integrative review of evidence examining cultural competence educational interventions. Nurse Education in Practice 50 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nepr.2021.102966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2021.102966"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page M. J. McKenzie J. E. Bossuyt P. M. Boutron I. Hoffmann T. C. Mulrow C. D. Shamseer L. Tetzlaff J. M. Akl E. A. Brennan S. E. Chou R. Clark J. Cumpston M. Davies P. Deeks J. J. Duffy S. Elbers R. Gtzsche P. C. Hr\u00f3bjartsson A. ... Welch V. (2020). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372(71). https:\/\/doi:10.1136\/bmj.n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park H. S. Jang H. J. Jeong G. H. (2019). Effects of a cultural nursing course to enhance the cultural competence of nursing students in Korea. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 16(39) 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3352\/JEEHP.2019.16.39","DOI":"10.3352\/jeehp.2019.16.39"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000450430.97383.64"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qin Y. Chaimongkol N. (2021). Simulation with standardized patients designed as interventions to develop nursing students\u2019 cultural competence: A systematic review. Journal of Transcultural Nursing 32(6) 778\u2013789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10436596211023968","DOI":"10.1177\/10436596211023968"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahimi M. Khodabandeh Shahraki S. Fatehi F. Farokhzadian J. (2023). A virtual training program for improving cultural competence among academic nurse educators. BMC Medical Education 23(1) Article 445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-023-04414-x","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-023-04414-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Repo H. Vahlberg T. Salminen L. Papadopoulos I. Leino-Kilpi H. (2017). The cultural competence of graduating nursing students. Journal of Transcultural Nursing 28(1) 98\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1043659616632046","DOI":"10.1177\/1043659616632046"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"What is your research question? An introduction to the PICOT format for clinicians","volume":"56","author":"Riva J. J.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Riva J. J., Malik K. M., Burnie S. J., Endicott A. R., Busse J. W. (2012). What is your research question? An introduction to the PICOT format for clinicians. Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association, 56(3), 167\u2013171.","journal-title":"Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodriguez E. M. (2020). The impact of service learning on associate degree nursing students\u2019 cultural competence. Creative Nursing 26(3) e77\u2013e81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1891\/CRNR-D-20-00038","DOI":"10.1891\/CRNR-D-20-00038"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rukadikar C. Mali S. Bajpai R. Rukadikar A. Singh A. K. (2022). A review on cultural competency in medical education. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 11 4319\u20134329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_2503_21","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_2503_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"San E. (2019). Effect of the diverse standardized patient simulation (DSPS) cultural competence education strategy on nursing students\u2019 transcultural self-efficacy perceptions. Journal of Transcultural Nursing 30(3) 291\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1043659618817599","DOI":"10.1177\/1043659618817599"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharifi N. Adib-Hajbaghery M. Najafi M. (2019). Cultural competence in nursing: A concept analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies 99 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2019.103386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2019.103386"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shopo K. Rabie T. Du Preez A. Bester P. (2023). Experiences of midwives regarding provision of culturally competent care to women receiving maternal care in South Africa. Midwifery 116 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.midw.2022.103527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2022.103527"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stubbe D. E. (2020). Practicing cultural competence and cultural humility in the care of diverse patients. Focus 18(1) 49\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.focus.20190041","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.focus.20190041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534484305278283"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tosun B. Yava A. Dirgar E. \u015eahin E. B. Y\u0131lmaz E. B. Papp K. T\u00f3thova V. Hellerova V. Prosen M. Licen S. Karnjus I. Tamayo M. D. B. Leyva-Moral J. M. Claeys A. Tricas-Sauras S. (2021). Addressing the effects of transcultural nursing education on nursing students\u2019 cultural competence: A systematic review. Nurse Education in Practice 55 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nepr.2021.103171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2021.103171"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ulvund I. Mordal E. (2017). The impact of short-term clinical placement in a developing country on nursing students: A qualitative descriptive study. Nurse Education Today 55 96\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nedt.2017.05.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2017.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verkuyl M. Atack L. (2024). Ten tips for successful virtual simulation integration in the curriculum. Clinical Simulation in Nursing 88 1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecns.2024.101516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecns.2024.101516"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wall-Bassett E. D. Hegde A. V. Craft K. Orbelin A. L. (2018). Using Campinha-Bacote\u2019s framework to examine cultural competence from an interdisciplinary international service-learning program. Journal of International Students 8(1) 274\u2013283. http:\/\/jistudents.org\/doi:10.5281\/zenodo.1134303","DOI":"10.32674\/jis.v8i1.165"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zarzycka D. Chrzan-Rodak A. B\u0105k J. Niedorys-Karczmarczyk B. \u015alusarska B. (2020). Nurse Cultural Competence-cultural adaptation and validation of the Polish version of the Nurse Cultural Competence Scale and preliminary research results. PLOS ONE 15 1\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0240884","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240884"}],"container-title":["Journal of Transcultural Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10436596241301407","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10436596241301407","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10436596241301407","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:58:16Z","timestamp":1777683496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10436596241301407"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10436596241301407"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10436596241301407","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-6596","1552-7832"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-6596","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-7832","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]]}}}