{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:27:40Z","timestamp":1787059660677,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Transcult Nurs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tobacco use is disproportionately high among Arab Americans (AAs), with hookah normalized within social networks (SNs). Gaps remain in understanding how SNs, cultural norms, and migration-related identity shape tobacco use. This study examined how cultural norms, religion, and SNs are associated with tobacco use among AA adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional survey of 178 Massachusetts-based AA adults assessed tobacco use, cultural attitudes, religiosity, and SN structural and compositional characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Current tobacco use was 51.69%, with hookah at 45.51%. Smoking, particularly hookah, was widely accepted within family and peer networks, with females reporting higher peer acceptability. Cultural norms, religious stance, and SN characteristics were significantly associated with tobacco use (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tobacco use reflected identity, belonging, and adaptation within migration contexts, serving as a sociocultural connector. Culturally congruent, gender-sensitive, and network-informed cessation strategies engaging families, peers, and faith communities are recommended to enhance intervention effectiveness among AAs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10436596261432177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T11:19:17Z","timestamp":1775474357000},"page":"735-747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Social Networks and Cultural Factors Associated With Tobacco Use Among Arab Americans: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5629-8449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabreen","family":"Darwish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Boston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suha","family":"Ballout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Boston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalyn","family":"Negr\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Boston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Cooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abuelezam N. 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