{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:22:13Z","timestamp":1777494133941,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021R1G1A1013274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1G1A1013274"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article presents the protocol for an open-label clinical trial examining the effectiveness of atomoxetine augmentation in adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and attention problems and reports preliminary findings from the initial group of participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Adolescents (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 27) aged 13\u201318 years who met the criteria for NSSI according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and had either full or subclinical attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were recruited. All participants had not received ADHD medication for at least 4 weeks prior to enrollment. Psychiatric diagnoses were confirmed using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. After 12 weeks of adjunctive atomoxetine treatment, NSSI severity (primary outcome) was measured using the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury. Secondary outcomes included the Children\u2019s Depression Rating Scale (CDRS), the Children\u2019s Depression Inventory (CDI), the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), and DuPaul\u2019s ADHD Rating Scale (ARS). Additional assessments targeting factors related to NSSI included demographic characteristics, childhood adversity, personality functioning, continuous performance task, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-three participants (22 female, 1 male) completed the trial (mean final dose: 58.3 \u00b1 13.7 mg), while four discontinued (two voluntarily, two due to adverse events). Significant improvements were observed in CDRS (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), CDI (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.031), and NSSI severity (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.007). In the ADHD group, significant improvements were observed in CDRS (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.017) and NSSI severity (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.034), with a trend toward improvement in CDI (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.058). The subclinical ADHD group showed significant improvement in CDRS (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.006), with a trend toward improvement in NSSI severity (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.083).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atomoxetine augmentation may reduce NSSI severity in adolescents with attention problems, particularly in those with comorbid ADHD, warranting further investigation in larger controlled trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10445463251369688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T20:49:38Z","timestamp":1759524578000},"page":"554-562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effectiveness of Atomoxetine Augmentation in Reducing Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescents with Attention Problems: A Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2989-0354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dohyeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul Puren Psychiatry Clinic, Jeju, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0984-9966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su A.","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5640-8982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mee Ae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1367-5704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kukju","family":"Kweon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Institute of Brain Research, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20549"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2014.0005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5\u00ae Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (SCID-5-AMPD) MODULE I LEVEL of Personality Functioning Scale","author":"Bender DS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bender DS, , Skodol AE, , First MB, et al. 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