{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:09:28Z","timestamp":1792026568421,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015303","name":"Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015303","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of these analyses was to evaluate the efficacy of centanafadine for treatment of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) associated features of executive functioning and learning problems measured over 6 weeks in children and adolescents with ADHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials were conducted in children and adolescents with a primary diagnosis of ADHD at sites in the United States and Canada. Data presented here are from the total population of children aged 6\u201312 years (NCT05428033) or adolescents aged 13\u201317 years (NCT05257265) who received high-dose centanafadine or placebo for 6 weeks. Secondary and other efficacy endpoints assessed change from baseline in the Conners 3\u2013Parent Short Executive Functioning and Learning Problems Content Scale T-scores and the Conners 3\u2013Self-report Short Learning Problems Content Scale T-scores, all analyzed using a mixed-effect model for repeated measures. Clinically meaningful within-patient change and findings from a caregiver and\/or adolescent self-report exit survey are also presented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 76.5% (367\/480) of children (mean age 9.2 years, 41.7% female) and 80.8% (371\/459) of adolescents (mean age 14.7 years, 40.7% female) completed their respective studies. There were clinically significant improvements with centanafadine treatment observed as early as Week 1 in the Conners 3\u2013Parent Short Executive Functioning (T-score least squares mean change from baseline [standard error] to Week 6: children, \u22126.8 [1.1] vs. \u221211.3 [1.1],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0026 and adolescents, \u22128.1 [1.0] vs. \u221213.0 [1.0],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p =<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.0003) and Learning Problems content scale T-scores when compared to placebo (children, \u22128.2 [1.0] vs. \u22122.8 [0.9],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001 and adolescents, \u22128.0 [0.9] vs. \u22123.1 [0.9],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001). Similar changes from baseline were observed by adolescent self-report (\u22126.1 [0.9] vs. \u22122.5 [0.9],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p =<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.0023). Compared to placebo, there was a 50% and 88% greater chance of experiencing clinically meaningful within-patient change in executive functioning for children and adolescents, respectively, and a 79% and 81% chance for experiencing clinically meaningful within-patient change in learning problems, respectively. Exit survey data support findings from clinical outcome measures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In addition to its impact on the core symptoms of ADHD, centanafadine improved executive functioning, learning problems, and impact on daily tasks in children and adolescents with ADHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10445463261441745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T06:33:44Z","timestamp":1775802824000},"page":"266-277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Efficacy of Centanafadine for Executive Functioning and Learning Problems in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5749-8503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy E.","family":"Wilens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothee","family":"Oberdhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development &amp; Commercialization, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development &amp; Commercialization, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taisa","family":"Skubiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development &amp; Commercialization, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann C.","family":"Childress","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Inc., Las Vegas, Nevada, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"van Stralen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pediatric Excellence, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline L.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development &amp; Commercialization, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/jcp.0000000000001575"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2013.00082"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10573569.2023.2192705"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858420974336"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2010.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.5.757"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3223(99)00192-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054709356165"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.21538"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","volume-title":"CANTAB\u00ae [Cognitive Assessment Software]","author":"Cambridge Cognition","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cambridge Cognition. 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